Text on this page is printable and can be used according to our Terms of Service. Please enable JavaScript. Professor of Geography, University of Connecticut, Storrs. Xenophobia is an intense dislike or fear of people from other places or cultures.Two events demonstrate this debate. For information on user permissions, please read our Terms of Service. A contrast exists between the configuration of peninsular, or western, Europe and that of eastern Europe, which is a much larger and more continental area. These camps were mostly populated by Roma, also called Gypsies. Grades 6 - 12+ Subjects Arts and Music, Economics, Geography, Human Geography, Social Studies, World History Photograph Europe Europe is the western peninsula of the giant "supercontinent" of Eurasia. The Volga River in Russia. A growing percentage of people in urban areas are employed in a wide range of service activities, which have come to dominate the economies of most countries. Topographic maps (often called topo maps for short) are large scale maps, often greater than 1:50,000, which means that one inch on the map equals 50,000 inches on the ground. Latin, the language of Rome, evolved into French in the western region, and Italian in the south. Within the standard geographical boundaries, it is comprised of 737 million. As to the territorial limits of Europe, they may seem relatively clear on its seaward flanks, but many island groups far to the north and westSvalbard, the Faroes, Iceland, and the Madeira and Canary islandsare considered European, while Greenland (though tied politically to Denmark) is conventionally allocated to North America. View more property details, sales history and Zestimate data on Zillow. Today, this cultural wealth is used to solidify the European Community and is exported to the rest of the world as one of the continents greatest global assets.Historic CulturesIndigenous cultures shaped, and were shaped by, the varied geography of Europe. The greater part of Europe, however, combines low elevation with low relief. The empire of ancient Rome, at its greatest extent in the 2nd century ce, revealed, and imprinted its culture on, much of the face of the continent. On February 17, 2008, the province of Kosovo declared independence from Serbia and became Europe's youngest country. The ancient, often mineral-laden rocks of the northwestern highlands, their contours softened by prolonged erosion and glaciation, are found throughout much of Iceland, in Ireland, and in northern and western Britain and Scandinavia. Le site web de CORDIS ncessite lactivation de JavaScript pour fonctionner correctement. The 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference was held in Copenhagen, Denmark. The cold water surrounding northern Britain and Scandinavia is home to unique species of cold-water corals. Only Oceania has less landmass. Borders between existing nations, such as Poland and Russia, were entirely redrawn.World War II (1939-1945) left about 43 million Europeans dead, including about 6 million who died in the Holocaust. This region is sparsely populated except in the Rhine, Rhne, Elbe, and Danube river valleys.Alpine MountainsThe Alpine Mountains include ranges in the Italian and Balkan peninsulas, northern Spain, and southern France. Those highland areas include lands of abundant rainfallwhich supplies hydroelectricity and water to industrial citiesand provide summer pastures for cattle. The tundra, found in Iceland and the northern reaches of Scandinavia and Russia, is a treeless region where small mosses, lichens, and ferns grow. Author of. Around 10% of the world's population lives in Europe. Milan is also home to important European fashion magazines, such as Grazia, Vogue Italia, and Vera.German automotive design has a global reputation for excellence and prestige. When you reach out to him or her, you will need the page title, URL, and the date you accessed the resource. The most common way to show this is using topographical maps. The consensus is, however, that the largest glacier in Europe is the Vatnajokull glacier in Iceland. Inhabited plains, with only the minor interruption of the worn-down Urals, extend from central Europe to the Yenisey River in central Siberia. Europe has a long history of human development and is considered the birthplace of Western Civilization. The program highlights Europes rich cultural diversity, celebrates its cultural ties, and brings people of different European backgrounds together. Today much of topography is focused on creating 3D representations of the Earth's surface. Europe Europe, second smallest of the world's continents, composed of the westward-projecting peninsulas of Eurasia (the great landmass that it shares with Asia) and occupying nearly one-fifteenth of the world's total land area. Among the continents, Europe is an anomaly. Roma are a people and culture native to central and eastern Europe. Geographically, Turkey forms a natural land bridge between the old world continents of Asia, Africa and Europe. National Geographic Society is a 501 (c)(3) organization. European Commission: European Capital of Culture. It has coastlines on the Bay of Biscay (a part of the Atlantic Ocean) and the Mediterranean Sea.Spain's capital and largest city is Madrid, and the country is known for its long history, unique culture, strong economy, and very high living standards. All rights reserved. Russia is Europe's largest country. The most important rivers in Europe are Danube, Volga, Rhine, Elbe, Oder and Dnieper, among others. You cannot download interactives. Four broad topographic units can be simply, yet usefully, distinguished in the continent of Europe. The European Union has established the Schengen Areaa zone where Europeans can travel from country to country without having to show their passports. Europes continuing economic achievements are evidenced by its high standard of living and its successes in science, technology, and the arts. The financial and diplomatic success of the EU has led to its rapid growth across the continent.The euro is one of the strongest currencies in the world. Examination of Turkey's topographic structure on a physical map of the world shows clearly the . Reindeer herding is still an important aspect of Sami culture, which continues to thrive in northern Scandinavia and Russias Kola Peninsula.Distinct physical features had a lasting impact on how European cultures communicated with each other. 5. Wcz obsug JavaScript. National Geographic Headquarters 1145 17th Street NW Washington, DC 20036. Fortuitously, Europe has no continuous mountain obstacle aligned north-south, corresponding, for example, to the Western Cordillera of North America and the Andes Mountains of South America, that would limit access into western Europe from the ocean. The highest peaks in those ranges are Mount Corno (9,554 feet [2,912 metres]) in the Abruzzi Apennines, Bobotov Kuk (8,274 feet [2,522 metres]) in the Dinaric Alps, Mount Botev (7,795 feet [2,376 metres]) in the Balkan Mountains, Gerlachovsk Peak (Gerlach; 8,711 feet [2,655 metres]) in the Western Carpathians, and Mount Moldoveanu (8,346 feet [2,544 metres]) in the Transylvanian Alps. Mount Olympus became the first national park in Greece. If you have questions about licensing content on this page, please contact ngimagecollection@natgeo.com for more information and to obtain a license. If no button appears, you cannot download or save the media. The boundary continues to the Caspian Sea, the crest of the Caucasus Mountains (or, less commonly, the river Kura in the Caucasus), and on to the Black Sea. This is the largest landlocked country in the world. The financial crisis is defined by debt and high unemployment. These revolutions eventually lead to the end of the Cold War, symbolized by the falling of the Berlin Wall in 1989.Contemporary IssuesEurope is now broadly defined in the context of the European Union (EU), an economic and political body officially created by the Maastricht Treaty in 1993. The northern plain contains the old geological continent of Baltica, and so may be regarded as the "main continent", while peripheral highlands and mountainous regions in south and west constitute fragments from various other geological continents. It happens to be the longest river in Europe and covers 3,692 km/ 2,295 miles long. Population growth is comparatively slow, and median age comparatively high in relation to the world's other continents. Rocks of all geologic periods are exposed, and the operation of geologic forces during an immense succession of eras has contributed to the molding of the landscapes of mountain, plateau, and lowland and has bequeathed a variety of mineral reserves. The tallest mountain in Europe is Mount Elbrus in Russia. 2. Important highlands in this region include the Massif Central and the Vosges in France, the Ardennes of Belgium, the Black Forest and the Taunus in Germany, and the Ore and Sudeten in the Czech Republic. 16 S Sunwood Ln , Sandy, UT 84092 is a single-family home listed for-sale at $1,295,000. The biggest part of the United Kingdom (also called the U.K.) is the island of Great Britain, which is made up of England, Wales, and Scotland. It is geographically positioned both in the Northern and Eastern hemispheres of the Earth. Join this channel to get access to perks:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC43qCBEfmy-wouPmYlLSpIg/join#europe #India #gypsiesContact Us- info@themysticaland.. All the major bodies of water in Europe have been fished for centuries. Related topics are discussed in such articles as those on religion (e.g., Judaism and Roman Catholicism) and literature (e.g., Greek literature; Dutch literature; and Spanish literature). The major peninsula of Scandinavia is mostly upland and highland, with its relief greatest at the descent to the Norwegian fjords and the sea; eastward and southward the seas are approached more gently. Population Density188 people per square kilometer, Highest ElevationMount Elbrus, Russia (5,642 meters/18,510 feet), Most Renewable Electricity ProducedIceland (99.9%; hydropower, geothermal), Largest Urban AreaMoscow, Russia (16.2 million people), Largest WatershedVolga River (1.38 million square km/532,821 square miles). Europe's population is 741.4 million people. Many of its events encouraged community involvement and civic engagement. It is bounded by the North Sea in the north and west. The southeast boundary with Asia is not universally defined, but the modern definition is generally the Ural River or, less commonly, the Emba River. The western boundary is the Atlantic Ocean. These countries included Greece, Ireland, Spain, and Portugal. For discussion of major cities of the continent, see specific articles by namee.g., Rome, Warsaw, and London. When it . The Central Powers (led by the German Empire, the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and the Ottoman Empire) fell to the forces of the Allied Powers (led by the United Kingdom, France, and the Russian Empire). The North European Plain remains the most densely populated region of Europe.Central UplandsThe Central Uplands extend east-west across Central Europe and include western France and Belgium, southern Germany, the Czech Republic, and parts of northern Switzerland and Austria.The Central Uplands are lower in altitude and less rugged than the Alpine region and are heavily wooded. The forests and grasslands of Western and Central Europe have been almost completely domesticated, with crops and livestock dominant.Finally, small, drought-resistant plants border the Mediterranean Sea, Europe's southern edge. You can actually get very close to the falls and safely, thanks to a well maintained hiking trail. It is 1733 meters (5,686 feet) deep and is located near the Swiss and Italian borders, in the area of the Savoy Alps close to the village of Samoens. The five most spoken native languages in Europe are Russian, German, French English, Turkish and Italian. Europes eastern boundary, however, is not a cultural, political, or economic discontinuity on the land comparable, for example, to the insulating significance of the Himalayas, which clearly mark a northern limit to South Asian civilization. Przemek. Only hill masses less than 800 feet (240 metres) in height rise gently within the Russian (East European) Plain, which continues northward into Finland, westward into the North European Plain, and southward in the Romanian, Bulgarian, and Hungarian plains. To read all future answers to your comment, please bookmark this page. Important Scandinavian companies focused on designed products include Electrolux, which makes home electronics, and Ikea and H&M, famous around the world for inexpensive but well-designed home furnishings and clothing, respectively. Developed countries, however, are also facing economic challenges. The link between these peninsulas has made Europe a dominant economic, social, and cultural force throughout recorded history.Europe's physical geography, environment and resources, and human geography can be considered separately.Europe can be divided into four major physical regions, running from north to south: Western Uplands, North European Plain, Central Uplands, and Alpine Mountains.Western UplandsThe Western Uplands, also known as the Northern Highlands, curve up the western edge of Europe and define the physical landscape of Scandinavia (Norway, Sweden, and Denmark), Finland, Iceland, Scotland, Ireland, the Brittany region of France, Spain, and Portugal.The Western Uplands is defined by hard, ancient rock that was shaped by glaciation. The Republic of Ireland occupies 80 percent of this landmass, while a large chunk of land in the north, called Northern Ireland, is part of the United Kingdom.All together, the island of Ireland is made up of 32 counties. Ethnic Groups / People of Europe are at 87. Population Density188 people per square kilometer, Highest ElevationMount Elbrus, Russia (5,642 meters/18,510 feet), Most Renewable Electricity ProducedIceland (99.9%; hydropower, geothermal), Largest Urban AreaMoscow, Russia (16.2 million people), Largest WatershedVolga River (1.38 million square km/532,821 square miles). For the political geography of Europe, see, Countries consisting solely of islands or parts of islands, Countries bordering or spanning another continent, Countries whose capital is not the most populous, List of countries by the number of other countries they border, Last edited on 19 February 2023, at 19:57, List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Europe, List of European tornadoes and tornado outbreaks, List of the highest European ultra-prominent peaks, Special member state territories and the European Union, Language facts European day of languages, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Europe&oldid=1140367331, Lower Danubian Plain, between Balkan Mountains and, This page was last edited on 19 February 2023, at 19:57. Literally, Europa is now thought to have meant Mainland, rather than the earlier interpretation, Sunset. It appears to have suggested itself to the Greeks, in their maritime world, as an appropriate designation for the extensive northerly lands that lay beyond, lands with characteristics vaguely known yet clearly different from those inherent in the concepts of Asia and Libyaboth of which, relatively prosperous and civilized, were associated closely with the culture of the Greeks and their predecessors. It is the smallest country both in size and population. These events had a devastating effect on Denmarks reputation as a progressive and welcoming country. It runs for 2,294 miles through central Russia. Il sito web di CORDIS prevede che JavaScript sia abilitato per funzionare correttamente. Not only is it pretty huge (2.5 times the size of Mount Vesuvius, which so famously buried Pompeii), but it is also one of the most active volcanoes in the world. The temperature difference between summer and winter gradually increases from coastal northwest Europe to southeast inland Europe, ranging from Ireland, with a temperature difference of only 10C from the warmest to the coldest month, to the area north of the Caspian Sea, with a temperature difference of 40C. Iceland and the British Isles are special cases. The two largest peninsulas are mainland Europe and Scandinavia to the north, divided from each other by the Baltic Sea. The Grand Canal, Venice, Italy. A landlocked country of towering mountains, deep Alpine lakes, grassy valleys dotted with . It has been somewhat problematical to pin down the biggest glacier in Europe because biggest is open to interpretation of length, depth and width, plus they can change quite dramatically in a short space of time. The region includes the mountains of the Alps, Pyrenees, Apennines, Dinaric Alps, Balkans, and Carpathians.High elevations, rugged plateaus, and steeply sloping land define the region. Most Greek gods and goddesses are representations of the active physical elements that made up the local landscape. (The East and North European plains are known together as the European Plain.) Ireland: geography and landscape. 84% of people in the Netherlands own at least one bicycle. Even though the country borders have been redrawn since the Soviet days, the continental borders never have. A small troop of Barbary macaques lives on the tiny island of Gibraltar, between Spain and the African country of Morocco.The waters surrounding Europe are home to a number of organisms, including fish, seaweeds, marine mammals, and crustaceans. As observed on Germany's physical map, the country's topography varies significantly from north to south. They are very detailed and are often produced on large sheets of paper. These physical features allowed for early communication, travel, and agricultural development. 4. Lets take a short tour around some of the most notable geographical facts about Europe. Geography of Europe Europe is traditionally defined as one of seven continents. The spacious eastern steppes and, to the west and north, primeval forests as yet only marginally touched by human occupancy further underlined environmental contrasts. Europe also supports high densities of population, concentrated in urban-industrial regions. It's a multi-lingual continent. Europe occupies some 4 million square miles (10 million square km) within the conventional borders assigned to it. Topography Facts - Earth Science. It includes parts of France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Germany, Denmark, Poland, the Baltic states (Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania), and Belarus.Most of the Great European Plain lies below 152 meters (500 feet) in elevation. Continental shelvesformer land surfaces that have been covered by shallow seasare a feature of peninsular Europe, while the coasts themselves are both submerged or drowned, as in southwestern Ireland and northwestern Spain, and emergent, as in western Scotland and southern Wales, where raised former beaches are in evidence. The northern plains are delimited in the west by the Scandinavian mountains and the mountainous parts of the British Isles. The topography of the country is divided very clearly between the hilly Oesling of the . This rescue package has caused tensions to rise between economically competitive countries and the indebted countries that they are helping to rescue. Ireland is an island nation on the westernmost edge of Europe. Europe's eastern frontier is usually delineated by the Ural Mountains in Russia, which is the largest country by land area in the continent. The United States began to lead the Western world, while the Soviet Union, with its capital in the Eastern European city of Moscow, Russia, led the so-called Eastern Bloc. Map created by National Geographic Maps. Editor of, Professor of Geography, Birkbeck College, University of London, 194770. The Volga River in Russia is Europe's longest river. This program must not only highlight the citys unique cultural heritage, but also feature new events that unite a range of cultural practices from across Europe. If you have questions about how to cite anything on our website in your project or classroom presentation, please contact your teacher. The Iron Curtain was an ideological boundary that divided Europe into two blocsWestern countries influenced by the United States, and Eastern countries influenced by the Soviet Union. Critics believe the process of attaining EU membership is too difficult for Europes developing economies. Kazakhstan. 5. geography of Scandinavia facts. Huge herds of reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) feed on these tiny plants.The taiga, which stretches across northern Europe just south of the tundra, is composed of coniferous forests, with trees such as pine, spruce, and fir. If you have questions about how to cite anything on our website in your project or classroom presentation, please contact your teacher. Europe is sometimes called a "peninsula of peninsulas", to draw attention to the fact that Europe is a relatively small, elongated appendage to Asia, and that a large part of Europe is made up of peninsulas. Greater relief is found in those areas in the heart of western and central Europe where uplifted and faulted massifs survive from the Hercynian orogeny, a late Paleozoic period of mountain formation. World War I (1914-1918) left about 16 million people dead. Switzerland's administrative capital is Bern, while Lausanne serves as its judicial centre. These features typically include natural formations such as mountains, rivers, lakes, and valleys. Imperialism is a policy of extending a nations power and influence through diplomacy or military force. Fast Facts: France Official Name: French Republic Capital: Paris Population: 67,364,357 (2018) Note: This figure is for metropolitan France and five overseas regions; the metropolitan France population is 62,814,233 Italian fashion is also an important cultural export. The principal articles discussing the historical and cultural development of the continent include history of Europe; European exploration; Western colonialism; Aegean civilizations; ancient Greek civilization; ancient Rome; Byzantine Empire; and Holy Roman Empire. Text on this page is printable and can be used according to our Terms of Service. 1996 - 2023 National Geographic Society. Protests developed across the Muslim world, and demonstrators set fire to Danish embassies in Lebanon, Iran, and Syria. Europe is a peninsula of the Eurasian supercontinent and is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and the Mediterranean, Black, and Caspian seas to the south.Europes main peninsulas are the Iberian, Italian, and Balkan, located in southern Europe, and the Scandinavian and Jutland, located in northern Europe. Aby witryna CORDIS dziaaa poprawnie, obsuga JavaScript musi by wczona. These regional labels are used more for identification than for regional analysis. Land relief in Europe shows great variation within relatively small areas. Greece is well known for the thousands of islands dotting the three seas that surround the country. Superficial rock cover, elevation, drainage, and soil have sharply differentiated those lowlandswhich are of prime importance to human settlementinto areas of marsh or fen, clay vales, sand and gravel heaths, or river terraces and fertile plains. Not only is Mount Etna the highest volcanic peak in Europe but it is still active. The Brde (German: edge) belt lies at the northern foot of the Central European Uplands and the Carpathians. In terms of shape, Europe is a collection of connected peninsulas and nearby islands. Economically, Russia and former Soviet states are not part of what we think of as Europe these days, because they are not part of the European Union. [2] A prehistoric perspective would include Britain and Ireland as the core of a further very significant European peninsula prior to the post-glacial rise in sea-levels.[3]. Turkey and Cyprus in particular, while geologically Asian, possess elements of European culture and may be regarded as parts of Europe. 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