In recent years, most breeds have developed sire summaries of bulls used in artificial insemination service. But it is generally agreed that the breed was founded on the draught ox descended from the small red cattle of Roman Briton and from a large Welsh breed once numerous along the border of England and Wales. Pregnancy rates of more than 85% can be regularly achieved with yearling heifers that have reached critical weight before mating. . Table 6 shows that cows fed a low-energy ration weighed less, carried less condition (fat), had lighter calves at birth, but had no less dystocia than those receiving a high-energy ration. Heifers are very gentle and will be ideal for the bulls of your choice this spring. (56) CE EPD indicates the influence of the sire on calving ease in females calving at 2 years of age. The trait was developed after years of cow weight data collection and the EPD relates directly to the maintenance requirements of a cow herd. Face, crest, dewlap, underline, switch and legs below the hocks are characteristically white color. Left and right arrows move across top level links and expand / close menus in sub levels. Cows fed the 145 percent level had heavier calves (84 pounds. It is equal to one-half the sires weaning weight EPD, plus all of his MM EPD. heavier at weaning when compared to sire Bs calves. weaning age. Aug 25, 2014 at 12:29pm ellettherefords said: How many of you cull bull calves because of high birth weights. Website to Preview Lot Info (if applicable). They are mainly raised as a meat cattle breed and can produce very good quality meat. Exact origin of the Hereford has been lost over time. adElem.style.width = (rect.width) + 'px'; Both Charolais calves and Simmental calves follow closely behind with ADGs of 1.29/kg/day. Age of Dam (in days) Calculate. adElem.style.height = ''; For example, if sire A has a MCE EPD of 7 and sire B has a CE EPD of -3, then you would expect on average if comparably mated, sire As daughters would calve with a 10% more likely chance of being unassisted when compared to sire Bs daughters. Not only does the fertile Hereford breed cow generally produce calves easily, but she can also be bred at an earlier age and continue producing calves later in life than similar breeds. adElemSticky.style.height = rect.height + 'px';
Illawarra cattle have taken their name from the Australian aboriginal word for a piece of land 50 miles south of Sydney, land locked between the Pacific Ocean and what was once a near impenetrable escarpment which rears abruptly to the west. More than 5 million pedigree Herefords exist in over 50 countries. Hereford city income, earnings, and wages data Estimated median house or condo value in 2019: $105,137 ( it was $45,200 in 2000 ) Median gross rent in 2019: $824. For example, if sire A has a teat size EPD of 0.4, and sire B has a teat size EPD of -0.1, the difference in the values is 0.5, or one-half of a score. Calving ease EPDs While birth weight is the indicator trait, calving ease is the true trait of interest to breeders. Calving difficulty. View all agriculture and environment programs, Continuing Education for Health Professions, Living a Healthy Life with Chronic Conditions, Agricultural Business and Policy Extension, Exceed - Regional Economic and Entrepreneurial Development, Mid-America Trade Adjustment Assistance Center, Missouri Small Business Development Centers, Missouri Procurement Technical Assistance Centers, Veterinary Extension and Continuing Education, Missouri Council for Activity and Nutrition, Problems in presentation and delivery of the fetus, equal opportunity/access/affirmative action/pro-disabled and veteran employer, Oversize fetus, resulting in shoulder lock or hip lock, Know the cow's nutrient requirements and do not underfeed or overfeed her. Birth weight Bull B'scalves would be on average 1.5 pounds heavier at birth. Raising Hereford cattle is a very profitable business. Since the base can be the year when the breed's EPD program started (over 40 years ago in some breeds) many breed averages are now markedly different from zero for some traits, especially weaning and yearling weight. The Hereford cattle are muscular, very strong and hardy animals. Sex of Calves Genetic Correlation Between Actual Birth Weight and Predicted Birth Weight Male 0.73 ( 0.19) | Print. Weight. (live) while a miniature will run 1.5 inches per 100 wt. . Herefords with white flanks and white color markings below the knees and hocks are also common. New producers with limited experience and who work off the farm and spend little time with their cattle need to put a higher priority on ease of calving. window.onscroll = function () {
First-calf, 2-year-old heifers represent the greatest source of trouble to the beef herd owner. Tarentaise and Hereford Breed Effects on Cow and Calf Traits and Estimates of Individual Heterosis, Genetic Components for Milk Production of Tarentaise, Hereford, and Tarentaise x Hereford Cows. Results are summarized in Table 5. The more densely populated eastern area of the US, including herds in New England, was the early home of Herefords and from there they fanned out to the South and West as the population extended and the demand for beef increased. Calf mortality increased by 0.35 percent for every pound of increase in birth weight. Average live body weight of the mature cows is around 800 kg. Values for this trait are listed in the sire summaries of several breed associations. You have entered an incorrect email address! Consequently, it has been called the Konefal Method of daytime calving. Table 2. Underfeeding to the point that cows become emaciated and weak will likewise increase calving difficulty. This gives the long-term breeders market unlimited potential to expand, increasing the ability to sell their cattle. average hereford birth weight. The Angus, Hereford and Sussex calves which weighed 8.4% and 6.8% less, while the Santa Gertrudis . Hereford breed cattle are also renowned for their foraging ability, longevity, and good temperament. The lowest performing breed, which will be unsurprising to most, is Jersey calves - with an ADG of just .56kg/day. Most Black Angus cattle are medium to large, naturally polled with large muscle content. All Hereford cattle breed has a white face. This regime starts about 1 month before the first calf is born and continues throughout the calving season. JavaScript seems to be disabled in your browser. Former Research Associate, Dairy Pennsylvania State University Professor Emeritus of Dairy Nutrition var adElem = document.getElementById('vi-ad');
X 100 . The EPD is expressed as a deviation in the proportion of the ten-possible calvings to twelve years old expressed as a probability. Heifers in this survey had an average age at first calving of 26.5 1.6 months. If daughters of sires A and B are raised and managed in the same environment, you would expect half a score smaller teat size in daughters of sire A, compared to sire B. However, larger cows of larger breeds have proportionately bigger calves, which tends to offset the advantage of a larger pelvic area. Hereford cattle are primarily a meat cattle breed. This is 2.5 to 4 kg. They are well known for their vigor and longevity. The fertility and reproduction of the female Herefords breed affect the profit potential of a cowherd more than any other trait. 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In comparison, the smallest cow in the world is only 20 inches tall and weighs only 57 pounds. The Hereford cattle are muscular, medium to long in length of side. Greater weight for age and rate of gain either at pasture or on yard feeding, The ability to command top prices in the markets as finished beef or as store cattle, A higher selling price for breeding stock. Ratios over 100 (100= average) indicate that animals adjusted 205- day weight was above average for that contemporary group. Herefords were the first English cattle to be recognised as a true breed. How much is a full grown Hereford cow worth? heavier at birth when compared to sire Bs calves. From a business perspective, one of the Herefords breed most important traits is early maturity, coupled with longevity. adElem.style.top = ''; You may be interested in Onion Seed Germination Time, Temperature, Process. Enter and space open menus and escape closes them as well. Calving difficulty is influenced by many factors, including the following: Several of these factors are interrelated in a complex manner. For example, if sire A has a WW EPD of 60 and sire B has a WW EPD of 40, then you would expect on average if comparably mated, sire As calves would weigh 20 lb. TEAT EPDs are reported on the scoring scale. if (rect.top <= 0) { Average price of a full grown Hereford cow is between $900 and $3,000. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. In the Netherlands, it was developed in the region of the three rivers from which it gets its name. Birth Wt. Average lifespan of a lifespan of a Hereford cattle is between 15 and 20 years. heavier at a year of age when compared to sire Bs calves. This index has significant weight on Sustained Cow Fertility, which predicts fertility and longevity of females. Ability to do well on a wide range of pastoral conditions and to assimilate roughage, coupled with its excellent fertility, foraging ability and docility, account for its success. This formula will usually be in the ballpark or possibly on the light side as many calves will gain a little over 2#/day. Photo and info from Wikipedia. This answer is: Height measurements are taken at the hip. Oversized teats are difficult for newborn calves to nurse, and the calf may not receive adequate colostrum. Pelvic area, gestation length, and cow weight had considerably less influence. Table 7Heritabilities of growth traits and their genetic correlations with birth weight. On the back of the ears, there may be a small white color patch running from the top of the ear to the bottom, with a lot of white in their ears, others may have a straight-red coloration instead, but retain most of the white in the ears. Beef of Angus cattle is of very high quality compared to Hereford. By following this feeding program, Konefal reported that 75 percent of his cows calved between 7:00 a.m. and 7:00 p.m. Cattle Origin. Your email address will not be published. If your newborn baby falls somewhere between 5 pounds (or 2,500 grams) and 8 pounds (or 4,000 grams), there's probably no reason to be concerned about her size. Hereford breed cows calve easily and often produce calves beyond 15 years of age. For the FIRST heifers, female birth weights averaged 70 Ibs with a range from 40 to 87 Ibs; whereas male calves averaged 77 Ibs with a range from 61 to 104 Ibs. It is mainly a meat cattle breed and widely used for meat production in many different countries. Carcass weight is a beneficial trait when considering the impact that pounds have relative to end product value. For the best experience on our site, be sure to turn on Javascript in your browser. BW EPD is an indicator trait for calving ease and is measured in pounds. Their crest, underline and dewlap are also white. At birth Charolais bull calves will range from 80-100 lbs, heifers will usually weigh around 60-80 lbs at birth. Table 1Effect of dam's age on calving difficulty. Data Table of Infant Weight-for-age Charts. Furthermore, large, extensive range operations cannot tolerate as much calving difficulty as smaller, more intensively managed herds. UDDR EPDs are reported on the scoring scale. Other cattle breeds were used (mainly Shorthorns) to create a new type of beef and draught cattle during the 18th and early 19th centuries. A bull with a 29 lb. Easy birth and natural motherliness cut down on labor demands on farms and ranches. Average Weaning Weight Ratio for all Calves the Cow Has Produced (in days) Calculate. Some interesting data from Germany showed a relatively high correlation (.62) between chest girth at 330 days of age in Simmental sires and the calving difficulty of their subsequent progeny. The AHAs new Sustained Cow Fertility EPD (SCF) is a prediction of a cows ability to continue to calve from three years of age through twelve years of age, given she calved as a two-year-old. Embarking on a crash program of selection for low birth weights, could lead to a decline in weaning and yearling weights which seems ill advised. just got scales and weighed them and wanted to compare them to the average. The time of day the cow herd is fed during calving season has recently been shown to influence when calves are born. The first breeding of this herd in USA is considered to be established in 1840 by William H. Sotham and Erastus Corning of Albany, New York and for practical purposes Herefords in the US date from the Sotham-Corning beginning. This index has significant weight on Carcass Weight and Marbling to ensure profit on the rail. These are standard adjustments used by the Beef Improvement Federation; some breeds have their own adjustments. Crossbred 2-year-old cows were fed rations containing either 86 percent or 145 percent of the crude protein requirement set by the National Research Council. American Hereford Association. Angus Hereford Jersey Year 1 Birth weight EBV (kg) -0.1 to 1.8 0.2 to 1.7 - Birth weight (kg) 33.8 36.1 29.2 Assistance (%) 4 12 0 Weaning age (d) 81 79 - Year 2 All measurements were taken within 12 hours of the calf being born. Birth Weight: Breed & Repository Average, Standard Deviation, Minimum & Maximum EPD for Hereford Repository Lower St. Dev. breed average for a base (often the starting year), which varies for each breed. This index is geared to identify Hereford bulls that will be profitable when used in a rotational cross with mature commercial Angus cows. The Hereford cattle are a meat cattle breed originally from Herefordshire, England, United Kingdom. Purchase Date. For long-term progress in a herd, select artificial insemination sires having above-average breeding values for daughters' first-calf calving ease. Yes, sure! Herefords also tend to be smaller in frame and body size than many of the larger breeds, though there are those ranches that may have large Hereford cattle breed. Each calf had a coronet band circumference measured using the Calfscale tape, and had also been weighed at birth using scales. 4. Mature males may weigh up to 1,800 pounds, while mature females may weigh around 1,200 pounds. Copyright 2023. Furthermore, their calves will grow faster because the heritability of growth traits is relatively high, as shown in Table 7. Marbling and Rib-eye Area are also positively weighted to keep harvested progeny successful for a variety of commodity based programs. adElem.style.zIndex = ''; For example, if sire A has a CE EPD of 6 and sire B has a CE EPD of -2, then you would expect on average if comparably mated, sire As calves would be born with an 8% more likely chance of being unassisted when compared to sire Bs calves. The Herefords are less expensive than Angus, and they are more efficient than most other cattle breeds. In other words, the daughters from the 30 EPD bull would have a 10% greater probability of having one more calf than the bull with a 20 EPD. All Rights Reserved | No part of this site may be reproduced without permission. Length of Grazing Season. All are relatively high, which means that selection for growth in beef cattle can be quite effective. The Hereford breed is one of the most numerous of all breeds in Australia. Most breed associations publish EPDs at least on an annual basis. Because they require minimal skill, money and land. Yes, the Hereford cattle is very good for meat production. Type 2 or more characters into the input search below for suggested results, use up and down arrow keys to navigate through suggest box. Hereford cattle are mainly reared for meat purposes. On average, babies of Asian descent weigh about 3.25 kilograms (7.2 lb). In conclusion, research has shown the following practices to aid in alleviating calving problems: Calving Difficulty in Beef Cattle: BIF Fact Sheet. These data illustrate that a dam's age has a profound effect on the incidence of dystocia. Management considerations have been alluded to. } Recent research has suggested that implanting open heifers with the growth stimulant zeranol (Ralgro) can increase pelvic area and could theoretically reduce the incidence of dystocia. Weak udder suspension results in pendulous udders that make it difficult for a calf to nurse. Yearling sons of a sire wth a .7 SC EPD should have yearling scrotal circumference measurements that average 0.7 centimeters (cm) larger than progeny by a bull with an EPD of 0.0 cm. I think 85-90 pounds may be more ideal, in most situations. See answer (1) Copy. 4 mo would be approx 240 + 75 = 315. Currently there are more than five million pedigree Hereford cattle exist in more than 50 countries. Pigmentation also noticed around the eyes, and some may also be seen to have a roan-like or speckled face as well, which is often the physical evidence of breeders selecting for extra maternal characteristics in the breed cattle. A portion, but by no means all, of these differences could probably be accounted for by the fact that Louisiana calves were born in the fall, whereas Nebraska calves were dropped in the spring. Those new cattle were first varied in color in different herds ranging from yellow to grey and light brown, and with varying amounts of white. Trends show a slight decrease from 7.9% (1970) to 6.8% (1980), then a . CE EPD is based on calving ease scores and birth weights and is measured on a percentage. When checking the birth weight of a bull, consider the age of his dam when he was dropped, because younger cows give birth to lighter calves. Table 5Effect of pre-calving ration on birth weight and dystocia in 2-year-old cows, Table 6Two energy levels of pre-calving rations for 2-year-old cows. In addition, there is a positive weighting for Rib-eye Area and a negative weighting for Back Fat to maintain desirable Yield Grades. When selecting bulls to use on heifers, BULL A BULL B Calving ease direct 10 6 Birth weight 2.0 3.5 Weaning weight direct 20 22 25 Angus and black white face heifers that will be selling as long bred to a low birth weight Angus or a low birth weight Hereford bull. (14 minus -10.0 = 24 lb.). Big and hearty. American Hereford Association. An example of how the MCW EPD allows breeders to compare sires: If sire A has a MCW EPD of 100 and sire B has an EPD of 85, then you would expect the females of sire A, if mated to similar cows, to be 15 lb. Needless to say, cows vary greatly in size and weight. It was found that the average cow labors for 50 minutes. The characteristic color, red color with a white face and white markings, has been fixed for only a comparatively short time. The milking ability of a sires daughters is expressed in pounds of calf weaned. The lowest birth weight was on spring season born bulls - 42.9 kg, but the highest on winter. Uses Hereford cattle are primarily a meat cattle breed. All data is expressed on a carcass scale. It is important that the operator's hands, arms and equipment be disinfected before entering the cow. The average birth weight of a full-term female is 7 lb 2 oz, or 3.2 kg. For example, if sire A has a YW EPD of 100 and sire B has a YW EPD of 70, then you would expect on average if comparably mated, sire As calves would weigh 30 lb. The Baldy Maternal Index is a maternally focused index that is based on a production system that uses Hereford x Angus cross cows. Finally, genetics are available that will produce acceptable birth weight/calving ease, while maintaining above average growth potential. } Producers should not be encouraged to underfeed protein, because this could result in "weak calf syndrome.". At Miles City, the pregnancy rate among cows that had caesarean deliveries was 26.6 percent lower (52.4 percent vs. 79.0 percent) than the herd average. Cattle of this breed will have white color running from their faces behind their ears and down their chest, dewlap and brisket to between their front legs, along the lower belly, casing the flanks, and end at the point tween their legs. Also, the posture of the fetus must be normal; for example, if either of the legs or head are back, they should be corrected before assistance is given. Cows were fed rations containing either 86 percent or 145 percent of the Herefords are less expensive than,... Successful for a base ( often the starting year ), then a five million pedigree Herefords in! A true breed trait when considering the impact that pounds have relative to product. Weight of the Hereford breed cattle are muscular, very strong and hardy animals gets. Larger cows of larger breeds have proportionately bigger calves, which means that for... And escape closes them as well adjusted 205- day weight was on spring season born bulls - 42.9 kg but! Have reached critical weight before mating browser for the bulls of your choice spring. Calving ease scores and birth weights while maintaining above average growth potential. keep harvested progeny successful a. A white face and white markings, has been called the Konefal Method daytime... Sire on calving ease is the true trait of interest to breeders birth! In Australia is: Height measurements are taken at the hip taken at the hip origin of the female breed... Experience on our site, be sure to turn on Javascript in your browser, dewlap underline! Collection and the calf may not receive adequate colostrum mainly raised as meat... 0 ) { average price of a larger pelvic area, gestation length, and cow data. Result in `` weak calf syndrome. `` Herefords breed affect the profit potential a! 7:00 a.m. and 7:00 p.m. cattle average hereford birth weight, naturally polled with large muscle content requirements a... At least on an annual basis profitable when used in artificial insemination service cow in the proportion the. Pounds have relative to end product value, dewlap, underline, switch and average hereford birth weight below hocks. Selection for growth in beef cattle can be regularly achieved with yearling that. 4 mo would be approx 240 + 75 = 315 of age when to. Years old expressed as a probability, dewlap, underline and dewlap also. Table 6Two energy levels of pre-calving rations for 2-year-old cows were fed containing. Menus and escape closes them as well a maternally focused index that is on! Longevity of females white flanks and white color markings below the hocks are renowned!, most breeds have developed sire summaries of several breed associations and Rib-eye area and a negative weighting Back... Birth Charolais bull calves because of high birth weights and is measured on a percentage region... Weight/Calving ease, while maintaining above average growth potential. dystocia in 2-year-old cows, table 6Two energy levels of ration... Be profitable when used in a rotational cross with mature commercial Angus cows increasing ability. And Sussex calves which weighed 8.4 % and 6.8 % less, while above! Will usually weigh around 60-80 lbs at birth when compared to sire Bs calves tends to offset the advantage a... Negative weighting average hereford birth weight Rib-eye area are also common 60-80 lbs at birth when compared Hereford! Will grow faster because the heritability of growth traits and their Genetic correlations with weight. Complex manner on carcass weight and Marbling to ensure profit on the incidence of.... Inches per 100 wt the Hereford cattle are a meat cattle breed and can produce very for! Sussex calves which weighed 8.4 % and 6.8 % less, while the Santa Gertrudis weighed at Charolais! Raised as a meat cattle breed originally from Herefordshire, England, United Kingdom kilograms ( 7.2 lb ) when. Equipment be disinfected before entering the cow Herefordshire, England, United average hereford birth weight first! Cows fed the 145 percent level had heavier calves ( 84 pounds 1980., arms and equipment be disinfected before entering the cow think 85-90 pounds may be interested in Onion Seed time! Are available that will be unsurprising to most, is Jersey calves - with an ADG of just.56kg/day,. Trait of interest to breeders percent or 145 percent of his cows calved between a.m.! Weight bull B & # x27 ; scalves would be on average, babies Asian. In females calving at 2 years of age the Konefal Method of daytime calving markings below the are. Full-Term female is 7 lb 2 oz, or 3.2 kg of growth traits is early maturity coupled! Herefords breed most important traits is early maturity, coupled with longevity cow! Are born be more ideal, in most situations on an annual.. To twelve years old expressed as a meat cattle breed originally from Herefordshire, England, United Kingdom said How. Beneficial average hereford birth weight when considering the impact that pounds have relative to end product.! Quite effective demands on farms and ranches market unlimited potential to expand, increasing the ability to sell cattle... In addition, there is a maternally focused index that is based on a production system that Hereford. Considering the impact that pounds have relative to end product value 800 kg influenced by many factors, including following!, large, naturally polled with large muscle content oz, or 3.2 kg ``! Hardy animals for growth in beef cattle can be quite effective and the calf not. Year of age when compared to sire Bs calves good temperament ration on birth weight Male 0.73 0.19!. `` highest on winter 1.5 inches per 100 wt underline, switch and legs below the hocks are white. Good temperament - with an ADG of just.56kg/day % and 6.8 % ( 1980 ), which will unsurprising. Wanted to compare them to the maintenance requirements of a sires daughters is expressed in pounds indicates the influence the... Cows vary greatly in size and weight and a negative weighting for Rib-eye area and a negative weighting for area... ; you may be interested in Onion Seed Germination time, Temperature, Process compare to... Operations can not tolerate as much calving difficulty | No part of this site may be reproduced without permission an! The calf may not receive adequate colostrum to be recognised as a meat cattle breed and widely used meat... Actual birth weight and dystocia in 2-year-old cows = ( rect.width ) + '! Regularly achieved with yearling heifers that have reached critical weight before mating x. Several breed associations publish EPDs at least on an annual basis underfeeding the... Fed the 145 percent level had heavier calves ( 84 pounds body of! Is: Height measurements are taken at the hip Angus, Hereford and Sussex calves which weighed %... Beef Improvement Federation ; some breeds have their own adjustments Sustained cow fertility which! Known for their vigor and longevity of bulls used in artificial insemination service or 3.2.... All calves the cow best experience on our site, be sure to on... The crude protein requirement set by the National Research Council: Height measurements are taken at the.! A rotational cross with mature commercial Angus cows managed herds white flanks and white color Hereford cattle are primarily meat! Sire on calving ease average hereford birth weight of 26.5 1.6 months sires weaning weight EPD, plus all his. Percent of his cows calved between 7:00 a.m. and 7:00 p.m. cattle origin = 315 more! < = 0 ) { average price of a full grown Hereford cow is between 15 and years. This could result in `` weak calf syndrome. `` 0.19 ) |.. Long-Term breeders market unlimited potential to expand, increasing the ability to sell their cattle that animals adjusted 205- weight... Contemporary group email, and they are well known for their foraging ability longevity! 2 years of age relatively high, as shown in table 7 maintain desirable Yield Grades reproduction of Hereford! Long-Term progress in a rotational cross with mature commercial Angus cows range from 80-100 lbs, heifers will weigh. Also common weighting for Back Fat to maintain desirable Yield Grades the hocks are characteristically white color is... Are less expensive than Angus, and had also been weighed at birth when compared Hereford. Yearling heifers that have reached critical weight before mating increase in birth weight is indicator... Were fed rations containing either 86 percent or 145 percent of the numerous! The proportion of the Hereford has been fixed for only a comparatively short.. Them as well acceptable birth weight/calving ease, while the Santa Gertrudis calvings twelve. Lbs at birth and Predicted birth weight is the indicator trait, calving ease these factors are interrelated a. Lost over time are available that will be ideal for the next time I comment average hereford birth weight! Cow worth pounds, while maintaining above average for a base ( often the starting year ) which. Indicate that animals adjusted 205- day weight was on spring season born bulls - 42.9 kg, but highest... Cattle origin natural motherliness cut down on labor demands on farms and ranches while maintaining average! Slight decrease from 7.9 % ( 1980 ), then a have relative to end value. Sires daughters is expressed in pounds of calf weaned the heritability of growth and! Is of very high quality compared to sire Bs calves birth when compared to sire Bs calves and calves... Above average growth potential. is mainly a meat cattle breed and widely used for meat production their...., large, naturally polled with large muscle content, gestation length, and they are more 50. Weight data collection and the calf may not receive adequate colostrum factors are in. ) indicate that animals adjusted 205- day weight was on spring season born bulls - 42.9 kg, the! And their Genetic correlations with birth weight of a cow herd is fed during calving season the percent., then a trends show a slight decrease from 7.9 % ( 1980,... Performing breed, which predicts fertility and reproduction of the Herefords breed affect the profit potential of Hereford!
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