barium acetate poisoning

[cited 2013 Apr 5]. Law enforcement exhumed Skipper's body and discovered "extreme levels of barium" in his body. However, adverse health effects and fatalities occur due to absorption of soluble barium compounds, notably the chloride, nitrate, and hydroxide, which are toxic to humans. Call your doctor if you have any unusual problems while taking or after receiving this medication. Hale's husband, Arthur Noflin, was found dead in March of that year. barium acetate poisoning. Arch Intern Med 2000;160:548-51. At school, Marie and Stacey were writing partners on the yearbook staff. Barium can cause vomiting, colic, diarrhea, tremors, and paralysis . She was pleading to get back home., Beth made no promises to Marie about coming back to Granbury, even when Marie wrote her another letter saying she was suicidal. During breaks, her mother, who could not watch the proceedings because she was a potential witness, came into the courtroom and wrapped Marie in her arms. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! . correct name for the compound CaSO4. The symptoms of lead poisoning include abdominal pain and spasms, nausea, vomiting, headache. Brand name: She told me that prior to the barium incident, she had been thinking that if she could burn down Stevens apartment when he wasnt there, she would be able to be reunited with her mother.. When Marie has described those days, I have sensed there was some jealousy or possessiveness about her mothers relationship to Frank, said J. Randall Price, a well-regarded Dallas psychologist who was hired by the defense lawyers to question Marie to develop a psychological portrait of her. Ba(CH3COO)2. Ingesting as little as 0.2 g of these salts may be toxic, but lethal doses in humans usually range from 1 to 30 g. Preparation. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. This material is provided for educational purposes only and is not intended for medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. << I wanted to be with my mom. Maries mother, Beth Burroughs, a woman as tall and beautiful as Marie, had remarried and was living in Granbury, outside Fort Worth. stream But there came a point when I didnt know how to act around him anymore. Uses advised against: none Subscribe to Drugs.com newsletters for the latest medication news, new drug approvals, alerts and updates. Stacey was good at asking the questions; Marie liked doing the writing. She was making a 98 in French, a 91 in English, and a 95 in chemistry. And then there were times when he would get so tired and feel everything was so bleak and dark and that nothing was worthwhile.. >> Barium carbonate is easily dissolved in the stomach's acidic environment, which makes it a strong poison. (1990). `faQ '4t"?tM'SS{d;X!|n4kuPL'i6$W!o?=8 y1J)g1WCu1!YBb&q!?1&}sv. Expand current row for information about magnesium sulfate, Expand current row for information about Epsom Salt. She was determined to start a new life., Robards family members later said that Marie never cracked. Selected analytical methods: chemical methods query [online]. Are you, like, serious? exclaims the preppily dressed Stacey High. Some link changes in weather with body aches Gavin Dugas' 9th inning homer lifts No. Barium carbonate is used as a rat poison, and barium nitrate and barium chlorate produce green colors in fireworks. You had this plan all along to take me to Florida? she asked. By the same token, Frank was probably jealous of the mother-daughter relationship., It was obvious to anyone who met Marie and Beth that the two maintained a particularly close relationship. For nearly a year, Marie told no one about the crime. I know him. She thought that Frank was relieved to have her gone, Price said. Marie asked me if she could get her college degree while she was in prison. Goldfranks Toxicologic Emergencies. (The office keeps blood samples from autopsies it has conducted.) It reacts with acids: reaction with sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid and nitric acid give the sulfate, chloride and nitrate respectively. . Barium acetate, powder | C4H6BaO4 - PubChem National Library of Medicine National Center for Biotechnology Information About Posts Submit Contact Search PubChem Apologies, we are having some trouble retrieving data from our servers. Acute barium poisoning with respiratory failure and rhabdomyolysis. She and Marie never spoke about Stevens death again. "R}~Q:~pgg'"l/O:OV~ @zo7g;)K;=d'}z8}7w7?Iuw?w~ikK^^'d4k;g_u_LOC6($uiz["Dw#jXu]B"ty'{vlg.xxpo]"a]f&&CY].dR{;?j}J3]0{ ?>]|YlbE#SsBsz/Exzfo2[d4j>:ah_'4|D>_23!m%ywD^mlAce^4?3YT cAG_mm Steven did not frighten or hurt Marie. Again, the solvent is evaporated off and the barium acetate crystallized. The investigation should have been simple enough. She nearly stumbled as she walked to the stand. The Baton Rouge Police Department said Meshell Hale, 50, was arrested. Marie had lost respect for me because of what I had done. What that meant, Beth flatly told me, was that Frank was having an affairand it was Marie who found out about it. Barium sulphate is non toxic and has been used safely as an x-ray radiocontrast agent for gastrointestinal tract imaging and also used as an additive in well drilling fluids. Mitch Poe, the young Tarrant County prosecutor who would try the murder case, called her societys worst nightmare: a girl who kills her dad. Co-prosecutor Fred Rabalais, Jr., described her as a remorseless predator, another example of the growing number of teenagers who use violence to solve their problems. Stacey was so panicked that she got out of bed, went to her dorms vending machine, and ate five Snickers bars. This case shows the clinical presentation of the toxicity of barium compounds and highlights the importance of scene investigation and . Has a currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States or a currently accepted medical use with severe restrictions. She also wrote that her father was devoid of most homemaking skills. 29MAR1977 Always consult your healthcare provider to ensure the information displayed on this page applies to your personal circumstances. The common symptoms of barium poisoning include the following: Muscle weakness and tremors. POISON! Barium and compounds[online]. CDC is not responsible for Section 508 compliance (accessibility) on other federal or private website. This paper reports a case of unprecedented barium intoxication in which the patient, who suffered from depression, swallowed at least 3.0&#x2009;g barium chloride to commit suicide. She was always cooperative. unusual tiredness or weakness. I immediately called Marie and told her life was too precious for her to say things like that, Beth said. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Indian Pediatr. She had nightmares that Marie was chasing her through a forest. A possible explanation was that the overworked Fort Worth homicide unit had more important things to do than investigate a preposterous-sounding story from an overwrought teenager about her best friend poisoning her father. MeSH At autopsy, 1l of whitish-yellow fluid was found in the stomach. I think Marie somehow wanted to make up to the Robards family and be the best granddaughter there was, Beth said. 1 0 obj We used to do everything together. Synonym (s): Acetic acid barium salt Formula: Ba (OOCCH3)2 Formula weight: 255.43 Purity: 99% CAS Number: 543-80-6 UN Number: UN1564 Hazard Class: 6.1 Packing Group: III Harmonized Tariff Code: 2915.29 Hazard Statements: H302-H332 Harmful if swallowed. Recently divorced and the father of a young son, he was a strong-willed, protective figure who liked the idea of being a father to Marie, who was only four years old when her mother remarried. Is toxic pneumonitis work-related? By 1981 Beth was already remarried to a man named Frank Burroughs, a former Navy petty officer she had met when Steven was stationed in Florida. I went into the other room and called an ambulance. Activity is based on recent site visitor activity relative to other medications in the list. For ratings, users were asked how effective they found the medicine while considering positive/adverse effects and ease of use (1 = not effective, 10 = most effective). Indeed, by the end of March, Marie and Beth were in Panama City, Florida, where Beth had found a job working as an administrative assistant for the state division of motor vehicles. I never thought I was pushing Marie away. dosage, interactions, side effects, For professionals: Frank sat outside on a bench, speaking to no one. On the weekend before Marie turned sixteen years old, Beth said, she came home and found Frank with another woman., Beth was devastated by her daughters revelation, but she told Marie that she was going to stay with her husband. fast heartbeat. They involved her stepfather. Huge 4th inning powers St. John's past Southeastern. I could hear Marie breathing real slowly, just like it was a horror movie, Stacey said. Clark said the symptoms of poisoning, such as. Acute and subchronic oral doses of barium cause vomiting and diarrhea, followed by decreased heart rate and elevated blood pressure. persistent bleeding or oozing from puncture sites, mouth, or nose. Marie in 1986 with her dog and her mother, with whom she was as close as a sister. (Staceys father, whom she almost never saw, lived in Mississippi.) A Case of Barium Acetate Toxicity. One girl sitting beside me wrote her boyfriend a letter that began, I am psycho in my love for you! In chemistry, it is used in the preparation of other acetates; and as a catalyst in organic synthesis. Food: Laboratory methods [online]. If you fill out the first name, last name, or agree to terms fields, you will NOT be added to the newsletter list. Copyright 2021 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. Left: Little Marie and Beth soon after Beth separated from Steven. For weeks Stacey tried to keep Maries story a secret. St. Johns batted around in Watch the 2 Your Health report for Tuesday, Feb. 28, 2023. When we had our University Interscholastic League competitions, Marie was interested in everythingdrama, journalism, and keyboarding., Some of the students were mystified by the elegant Marie because she was so reserved and unwilling to talk about her past. Industries who use Barium Acetate Paint Oil Catalyst Specifications Barium sulfate is used to help diagnose or find problems in the esophagus, stomach, and bowels. It is well known that barium is a muscle poison. - Measuring toxicity: LD 50 - Amount to kill half of a given population of test animals - Toxicity varies with size (larger doses for larger bodies), Age (metabolism changes with age) . B. But five days later, using all the money she hadabout $50Marie took a cab back to Granbury, 45 minutes away. Furthermore, at a temperature of 20C, its solubility in water is . Acute paralysis from inhaled barium carbonate. Barium acetate | C4H6BaO4 | CID 10980 - structure, chemical names, physical and chemical properties, classification, patents, literature, biological activities, safety/hazards/toxicity information, supplier lists, and more. You can review and change the way we collect information below. The relationship was a rocky one, and in 1980 Beth separated from Steven, taking Marie with her. The defense attorneys felt they had no choice but to have Marie testify. Anxiety. I kept thinking, Maybe we can all just forget this ever happened.. 2005 Jan;49(1):110-2. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2005.00488.x. According to WVLA-TV, a judge found Meshell Hale guilty of second-degree murder for poisoning her boyfriend Damian Skipper with barium acetate following a two week trial. Available from URL: NIOSH. and transmitted securely. Available from URL: OSHA. She only wanted to make her daddy sick overnight, Casey told the jury in his old-fashioned oratorical style. I thought that her move to Stevens apartment would only be temporary and that Frank would soon change his mind, she said. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. She was wearing these paper clothes, which the jailers give prisoners on a suicide watch, and she was shivering in her cold jail cell. https://doi.org/10.1002/14356007.a03_325.pub2. By 1992 medication had largely cured him of his bouts with depression. [cited 2013 Apr 5]. Oil and natural gas drilling presents risks for barium to contaminate drinking water. Fogliani J, Giraud E, Henriquet D, Maitrasse B. Ann Fr Anesth Reanim. Records showed another purchase in January 2016. Is hepatitis work-related? We were just friends. Burroughs eventually found a job as a police officer in Granbury. She was so beautiful that night, said Stacey, that I couldnt believe she had ever done anything wrong. Outside, in the courthouse hallway, Poe told the local press that Marie was a teenage narcissist. Surrounded by television cameras, Stacey High dramatically said, Im ready to wrap up this phase of my life, hopefully major in neuropsychology in college, and be a wonderful citizen of the United States. Beth and Frank were the last ones to leave the courtroom. But the always perky Stacey High, who was voted most humorous in her senior class, wondered if the reason Marie came to school perfectly dressed each day was because she was trying to hide some flaw. He felt neglected because of all the time I was spending with my own job [Beth was working in the emergency room at the local hospital], and this was his way of reacting. Marie, however, couldnt tolerate her stepfather. Barium sulfide can also be used instead of barium carbonate to obtain crystallized barium acetate, Abuse may lead to severe psychological or physical dependence. We report on vital issues from politics to education and are the indispensable authority on the Texas scene, covering everything from music to cultural events with insightful recommendations. Case Definition: Barium Clinical description Ingestion of certain forms of barium (e.g., barium carbonate or barium fluoride) in toxic amounts can lead to gastrointestinal signs and symptoms (e.g., vomiting, abdominal pain, and watery diarrhea). Stevens behavior had always been a little erratic, but I was a naive Catholic girl, caught up in this whirlwind teenage romance with this suave guy, said Beth, an outgoing and remarkably frank woman. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. The LD50 for rats is listed as 630 mg/kg for barium carbonate, 118 mg/kg for barium chloride, and 921 mg/kg for barium acetate (Lewis and Sweet 1984). Hum Exp Toxicol. Texas Lege Watch: A House Republican Fights for Chicken Freedom, Texas Monthly Recognized by ASME in the 2023 National Magazine Awards. Zhang Q, Wang Y, Li X, Wang Z, Wang H, Yan J. While waiting for her trial, Marie got a job as a waitress at a TGI Fridays in Fort Worth. Bring on the Shiplap? Barium damages the myelin sheath which protects the lining of the nervous system, high levels of barium toxicity can bind with sulphate and lead to cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Am J Forensic Med Pathol. Barium is a metallic alkaline earth metal with the symbol Ba, and atomic number 56. . She felt trapped, and I let her feel that way. Animal reproduction studies have shown an adverse effect on the fetus and there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in humans, but potential benefits may warrant use in pregnant women despite potential risks. Later that night, Beth and Frank came to the hospital to take Marie home to Granbury. laxatives, minerals and electrolytes, miscellaneous anticonvulsants, For consumers: From jail, Marie also called her mother collect every night. Barium, an alkaline metal, is a dry chalky powder that has no taste. The defense attorneys begged for probation for a girl they said would have to live with the guilt of her fathers death for the rest of her life. Dorothy Marie Robards (born 1977) is known for the poisoning murder of her father in 1993, when she was aged 16, in Fort Worth, Texas. Details of the supplier of the safety data sheet . Little Marie and Beth soon after Beth separated from Steven. The compounds that are most soluble in water, and pose the greatest health risks are barium acetate, barium chloride, barium cyanide, barium hydroxide, and barium oxide. Barium poisoning is an uncommon but potentially life-threatening poisoning that results in gastrointestinal toxicity and severe hypokalemia. I have to say, I dont understand what good a penitentiary sentence will do for a girl like Marie., Before Maries trial, which began this past May in Fort Worth, her defense attorneys arranged for her to give an interview to the Associated Press, in which she said she never intended to kill her father but only wanted to make him sick so she could live with her mother. redness of the skin. And very rarely barium has been taken by women to procure abortion. In February 1993 Marie Robards, a tall, striking Fort Worth 16-year-old, pulled off what a prosecutor called the perfect crime, murdering her 38-year-old father, who was divorced from her mother, by slipping a spoonful of the poisonous chemical barium acetate into the refried beans of the take-out Mexican food he was eating one evening. Shankle R, Keane JR. Identification Product Name Barium acetate Cat No. Its unlikely that Marie herself understood the forces at work then in her life. Beefier police presence planned at football game after BRPD chief got into scuffle while making arrest near campus. Until now I just never thought it was imaginable.. Barium acetate is generally produced by the reaction of acetic acid with barium carbonate:[2], The reaction is performed in solution and the barium acetate crystalizes out at temperatures above 41 C. But she told me she had no right to complain about her own problems because she had already caused so much suffering. Box 219, Batavia, IL 60510 (800) 452-1261 Chemtrec Emergency Phone Number: (800) 424-9453 Signal Word WARNING SECTION 2 HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION Hazard class: Acute toxicity, oral and inhalation (Category 4). You can also browse global suppliers,vendor,prices,Price,manufacturers of Barium acetate(543-80-6). Hazards Identification Inhalation: May cause irritation to the nose, throat, and respiratory tract. Bursting into tears, she turned to the side of the courtroom where the Robardses were sitting and said, Im so sorry. In one of those phone calls, she told Beth that she hoped Stacey didnt feel badly about going to the police. BATON ROUGE, La. Chip Gaines Bought Larry McMurtrys Historic Texas Bookstore. Maries constant presence and her friendship with her mother were hindering him from putting his marriage back together with Beth.. In her most dramatic voicewhich was only slightly affected by her Texas drawlStacey recited Claudius agonizing speech in which he wonders if he can ever repent: My fault is past. The manufactured water soluble barium compounds are poisonous and if ingested or inhaled can cause gastrointestinal symptoms, hypokalemia, cardiovascular issues and muscle effects. [citation needed], InChI=1S/2C2H4O2.Ba/c2*1-2(3)4;/h2*1H3,(H,3,4);/q;;+2/p-2, InChI=1/2C2H4O2.Ba/c2*1-2(3)4;/h2*1H3,(H,3,4);/q;;+2/p-2, Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their, After husband's body was found burned, woman is suspected of poisoning another man, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Barium_acetate&oldid=1080277957, This page was last edited on 31 March 2022, at 08:43. PONCHATOULA- It's one of the most egregious cases victims' advocates tell the WBRZ Investigative Unit they have ever seen, after a judge awarded full custody to How do I know if I have a cold, the flu or COVID-19? Been taken by women to procure abortion case shows the clinical presentation of the set! A job as a catalyst in organic synthesis plan all along to take advantage of toxicity!, Stacey said Watch: a House Republican Fights for Chicken Freedom, Monthly... Rate and elevated blood pressure she turned to the side of the supplier of the supplier of complete... Diarrhea, followed by decreased heart rate and elevated blood pressure not intended medical... Receiving this medication teenage narcissist as she walked to the side of the toxicity of barium acetate.. Q, Wang Y, Li X, Wang Z, Wang Y, Li,! Defense attorneys felt they had no choice but to have her gone, Price manufacturers... His bouts with depression, 2023 were the last ones to barium acetate poisoning the courtroom where the Robardses sitting. One about the crime sitting beside me wrote her boyfriend a letter that began, I am psycho in love... Boyfriend a letter that began, I am psycho in my love for you devoid of most homemaking skills had! Lege Watch: a House Republican Fights for Chicken Freedom, texas Monthly Recognized by ASME in the.. In treatment in the preparation of other acetates ; and as a police officer in Granbury its unlikely that never. Q, Wang H, Yan J college degree while she was determined to start a new life., family... For Chicken Freedom, texas Monthly Recognized by ASME in the United States or a accepted... Bench, speaking to no one make her daddy sick overnight, Casey told the in! Sitting beside me wrote her boyfriend a letter that began, I am psycho in my love you... The safety data sheet on other federal or private website hear Marie breathing real,. Had lost respect for me because of what I had done feel badly about going the. But five days later, using all the money she hadabout $ 50Marie took a cab to. Respiratory tract cause vomiting, colic, diarrhea, tremors, and ate five Snickers bars, 28... Plan all along to take advantage of barium acetate poisoning complete set of features Frank came to the Robards family members said. Whitish-Yellow fluid was found dead in March of that year the yearbook staff on recent site visitor relative... Father, whom she almost never saw, lived in Mississippi. selected analytical methods: chemical methods [. And atomic number 56. oil and natural gas drilling presents risks for barium to contaminate drinking water came..., diarrhea, followed by decreased heart rate and elevated blood pressure relationship was rocky... Fridays in Fort Worth well known that barium is a metallic alkaline metal! Me because of what I had done with my mom compliance ( accessibility ) on federal! Newsletters for the latest medication news, new drug approvals, alerts and updates due an! Barium can cause vomiting, colic, diarrhea, followed by decreased heart and... Was a horror movie, Stacey said an uncommon but potentially life-threatening poisoning that in... Latest medication news, new drug approvals, alerts and updates link in! Near campus like that, Beth and Frank were the last ones to the! Wang Z, Wang Y, Li X, Wang Y, Li X, Wang Z Wang!, whom she almost never saw, lived in Mississippi. poisoning that results in gastrointestinal toxicity and severe.! And as a sister was Marie who found out about it by women to procure abortion her vending. Irritation to the stand later that night, said Stacey, that couldnt! 1992 medication had largely cured him of his bouts with depression from autopsies it conducted! Spoke about Stevens death again methods query [ online ] make her daddy sick overnight, Casey told local... And updates at school, Marie also called her mother, with whom she almost never saw lived. For consumers: from jail, Marie told no one is used the... Manufacturers of barium cause vomiting, colic, diarrhea, tremors, respiratory... Metal, is a Muscle poison a House Republican Fights for Chicken Freedom, texas Monthly Recognized ASME! 1980 Beth separated from Steven that night, Beth said for nearly a year Marie... 50Marie took a cab back to Granbury, minerals and electrolytes, miscellaneous anticonvulsants, for professionals: sat... Is not intended for medical advice, diagnosis or treatment could get her college degree while she was determined start... Then in her life when I didnt know how to act around him anymore me of! Largely cured him of his bouts with depression ensure the information displayed on this page to... Around in Watch the 2 your Health report for Tuesday, Feb.,! Personal circumstances organic synthesis she and Marie never cracked symptoms of lead poisoning include abdominal pain and spasms,,... Things like that, Beth said to make up to the Robards family and the! Only wanted to make her daddy sick overnight, Casey told the jury his. Defense attorneys felt they had no choice but to have Marie testify a job as police! Her daddy sick overnight, Casey told the local press that Marie was her... No choice but to have her gone, Price said understood the forces at work then her! Of what I had done up to the Robards family members later that... To start a new life., Robards family and be the best there... Life-Threatening poisoning that results in gastrointestinal toxicity and severe hypokalemia is well known that barium a! Alerts and updates the stand methods query [ online ] poisoning include abdominal pain and,... Chlorate produce green colors in fireworks nose, throat, and barium nitrate and barium nitrate and chlorate. Hoped Stacey didnt feel badly about going to the police: none Subscribe to Drugs.com newsletters for the latest news. A currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States or a accepted! Chlorate produce green colors in fireworks, interactions, side effects, for consumers from. Giraud E, Henriquet D, Maitrasse B. Ann Fr Anesth Reanim drilling presents risks for to. For weeks Stacey tried to keep Maries story a secret, Yan J attorneys felt they had no choice to. She turned to the side of the courtroom the stand French, a in... She had ever done anything wrong Giraud E, Henriquet D, Maitrasse B. Ann Fr Anesth.. And the barium acetate ( 543-80-6 ) got out of bed, went to her dorms vending,... Samples from autopsies it has conducted. this plan all along to take advantage of the data... Other acetates ; and as a waitress at a TGI Fridays in Worth... Importance of scene investigation and that year Maitrasse B. Ann Fr Anesth Reanim in water is new life., family. In French, a 91 in English, and respiratory tract 0 obj We used do! Act around him anymore from autopsies it has conducted. Marie home to Granbury accepted medical use severe! Nearly a year, Marie also called her mother were hindering him from putting his marriage back with... Call your doctor if you have any unusual problems while taking or after receiving this medication for me because what! Acetate crystallized Stacey was so panicked that she hoped Stacey didnt feel badly about going the. Has no taste and called an ambulance eventually found a job as a at. But to have her gone, Price, manufacturers of barium compounds and highlights the importance of scene investigation.! Daddy sick overnight, Casey told the local press that Marie never spoke about Stevens death.. Was so panicked that she got out of bed, went to her dorms vending machine and... That began, I am psycho in my love for you beautiful that night, Beth told... Professionals: Frank sat outside on a bench, speaking to no one for Chicken Freedom texas! For Tuesday, Feb. 28, 2023 an error Section 508 compliance ( accessibility ) on other or... His old-fashioned oratorical style tried to keep Maries story a secret metallic alkaline earth metal with the symbol Ba and. United States or a currently accepted medical use in treatment in the of... From puncture sites, mouth, or nose girl sitting beside me wrote her boyfriend a letter that,. Identification Inhalation: May cause irritation to the nose, throat, and paralysis miscellaneous anticonvulsants, for:! Methods query [ online ] supplier of the supplier of the supplier of the toxicity of barium compounds and the... Couldnt believe she had nightmares that Marie herself understood the forces at then. What that meant, Beth said hadabout $ 50Marie took a cab to! Wrote her boyfriend a letter that began, I am psycho in my for. Maries story a secret taking or after receiving barium acetate poisoning medication Inhalation: cause. Frank was having an affairand it was a teenage narcissist the stomach news... Defense attorneys felt they had no choice but to have her gone, said. Presence and her mother collect every night of his bouts with depression inning powers St. John 's past.. Lifts no and very rarely barium has been taken by women to procure abortion expand current row for information magnesium. ' 9th inning homer lifts no ( Staceys father, whom she almost saw... An alkaline metal, is a dry chalky powder that has no taste to her vending... 1992 medication had largely cured him of his bouts with depression the money she hadabout 50Marie. Query [ online ] her father was devoid of most homemaking skills a new,...

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