[134], Longfellow was the most popular poet of his day. He spoke at least eight languages well and could . Longfellow and Mary Potter were married in September 1831. [41] He was deeply saddened by her death and wrote: "One thought occupies me night and dayShe is dead She is dead! [74] Longfellow was awakened from his nap and rushed to help her, throwing a rug over her, but it was too small. [22] His time abroad lasted three years and cost his father $2,604.24,[23] the equivalent of over $67,000 today. He wrote and edited textbooks, translated poetry and prose, and wrote essays on French, Spanish, and Italian literature, but he felt isolated. Returning to Maine in summer 1829, Longfellow as a young professor soon found himself immersed in the unpoetic routines of pedagogy. To a Child, one of the most popular poems of the book, expressed paternal tenderness toward his first son, while the sonnet Dante looked toward a later stage of literary productivity. [26] In Madrid, he spent time with Washington Irving and was particularly impressed by the author's work ethic. Previous boarders included Jared Sparks, Edward Everett, and Joseph Emerson Worcester. Partly because of his publishers zeal for promoting Longfellows poetry, books came in quick succession even at a point in his life when creative efforts flagged. As a memorial to their father, Longfellow's children donated land across Brattle Street and facing the family home to the City of Cambridge, which became Longfellow Park. Longfellow HouseWashington's Headquarters National Historic Site, Category:Novels by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Category:Poetry by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, "Family relationship of Richard Warren and Henry Wadsworth Longfellow via Richard Warren", "Direct Ancestors of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow", "Value of 1826 dollars today | Inflation Calculator", "Longfellow Park (U.S. National Park Service)", Poems by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow and biography at PoetryFoundation.org, Works by or about Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow: Profile and Poems at Poets.org, Public Poet, Private Man: Henry Wadsworth Longfellow at 200, Longfellow's Translation of Dante rendered side by side with that of Cary and Norton, Famous Quotations by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Henry_Wadsworth_Longfellow&oldid=1136535888, This page was last edited on 30 January 2023, at 20:47. [77] Longfellow was very quiet, reserved, and private; in later years, he was known for being unsocial and avoided leaving home.[144]. Although the title character, the liberal-minded young minister of a rural New England church, is the central figure of a love triangle involving two close female friends, Cecilia Vaughan and Alice Archer, Longfellow probably took more interest in the schoolmaster, whose literary ambitions are continually frustrated by the press of teaching, fatherhood, and demands made on his time by an aspiring poetess. Can you blame him? Hiawatha introduces his tribe to agriculture through his encounter with the corn god Mondamin, to transportation by inventing the birch canoe, and to picture-writing. Pegasus in Pound (1846), by contrast, offers a humorous rebuke to the pragmatic, materialistic Yankee culture that confined arts winged steed and handled him as a piece of property. After her death, Longfellow had difficulty writing poetry for a time and focused on translating works from foreign languages. His original works include "Paul Revere's Ride", The Song of Hiawatha, and Evangeline. Longfellow was a member of what? The most warmly received of such poems composed in the 1850s, however, was The Childrens Hour, which reflected the poets delight in his small daughters. His second wife, Frances Appleton, died in 1861 after sustaining burns when her dress caught fire. But, like anyone else who had gone to school in the first quarter of the 20th century, she'd been introduced to verse by the venerable Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (1807-82). Maybe Longfellow exaggerated the heroic story of Paul Revere. Longfellow was more at home in Evangeline (1847), a narrative poem that reached almost every literate home in the United States. Longfellow thanked his readers in the Dedication to The Seaside and the Fireside (1849), which assured all those distant friends responsive to his poetry that If any thought of mine, or sung or told, / Has ever given delight or consolation, / Ye have repaid me back a thousand-fold, / By every friendly sign and salutation. As the title indicates, this book maintained a balance between poems of nature invoking in various ways the poets Portland boyhood and oceanic travels and poems of home lifenotably Resignation, an elegy for his year-old daughter Fanny. . His last few years were spent translating the poetry of Michelangelo. Queen Victoria received Longfellow at Windsor Castle; the Prince of Wales invited him as a guest; and he visited with William Gladstone, John Russell, Alfred, Lord Tennyson. Most of us only get one life. [75], Longfellow was devastated by Frances death and never fully recovered; he occasionally resorted to laudanum and ether to deal with his grief. He told her that it was not. He followed this work with two fragmentary dramatic poems, Judas Maccabaeus and Michael Angelo. But his genius was not dramatic, as he had demonstrated earlier in The Spanish Student (1843). [65] Their daughter Fanny was born on April 7, 1847, and Dr. Nathan Cooley Keep administered ether to the mother as the first obstetric anesthetic in the United States. In Germany, Longfellow formed a close friendship with the poet Ferdinand Freiligrath, and in England he deepened an earlier acquaintance with Charles Dickens. About Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. He was engaged in ambitious projects. Possibly his 2 most famous poems are 'Paul Revere's Ride' and 'The Song of Hiawatha'. The dominance of free verse fostered contempt for Longfellows songlike versification and an indifference to its experimental qualities. [104], Toward the end of his life, contemporaries considered him as more of a children's poet,[130] as many of his readers were children. Match. There were still poems drawn from Longfellows travels and his readings in European literatures, but the most celebrated poem of the book was among his most patriotic pieces. 'I Would I Were a Careless Child' 6. In essence, they needed to sell the tea to somebody, fast. Based on Chippewa (Ojibway) culture and traditions as represented by Henry Rowe Schoolcraft and John Tanner, on John G. E. Heckewelders defense of Delaware culture, and on Longfellows acquaintance with an Ojibway chief who stayed at his house, the poem also drew on widespread literary and visual representations of the West to construct what Longfellow called his Indian Edda. Edda reflects the Scandinavian influences also evident in this poem, most remarkably in the unrhymed trochaic meter he borrowed from the Kalevala, a Finnish folk epic composed by Elias Lnrott. In late 1839, Longfellow published Hyperion, inspired by his trips abroad[54] and his unsuccessful courtship of Fanny Appleton. Post by libraryanne February 6th, 2011, 2:42 pm. These virtues made him sovereign of more hearts than any other poet of his generation. James Russell Lowell also traced Longfellows honored status to personal virtues in demanding of the irascibly jealous Poe, Does it make a man worse that his characters such / As to make his friends love him (as you think) too much? The Tales of a Wayside Inn, modeled roughly on Geoffrey Chaucers The Canterbury Tales and published in 1863, reveals his narrative gift. "[113], Longfellow's early collections Voices of the Night and Ballads and Other Poems made him instantly popular. "[115], The rapidity with which American readers embraced Longfellow was unparalleled in publishing history in the United States;[116] by 1874, he was earning $3,000 per poem. "Music is the universal language of mankind." Henry Wadsworth Longfellow tags: music, poetry, power-of-music. The poem exalts and exocitizes Native Americans and assumes the obliteration of indigenous ways of life. Many, especially Torquemada and The Saga of King Olaf, were surprisingly violent. Test. Longfellows long poem The Courtship of Miles Standish (1858) was another great popular success. Fanny Longfellow took pride in her husbands growing reputation and actively assisted him. Long after his death in 1882, however, these neglected later works were seen to contain some of his most effective writing. From London the Longfellow party proceeded to Sweden, Denmark, and the Netherlands. The famed poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow once penned the beautiful words, "Be still, sad heart! Henry began his schooling at age three, when he and his older brother, Stephen, enrolled in the first of several private schools in which they prepared for entrance to Bowdoin College. concludes, interrogates conventional concepts of language, time, space, unified character . "[64], He and Fanny had six children: Charles Appleton (18441893), Ernest Wadsworth (18451921), Fanny (18471848), Alice Mary (18501928), Edith (18531915), and Anne Allegra (18551934). 07 Nov 1786 in Pittsfield, MA, d. 10 Feb 1822. [79] The "Dante Club", as it was called, regularly included William Dean Howells, James Russell Lowell, and Charles Eliot Norton, as well as other occasional guests. In 1829 he returned to the United States to be a professor and librarian at Bowdoin. -4 TALES OF A WAYSIDE INN. [16] In his senior year, Longfellow wrote to his father about his aspirations: I will not disguise it in the leastthe fact is, I most eagerly aspire after future eminence in literature, my whole soul burns most ardently after it, and every earthly thought centres in itI am almost confident in believing, that if I can ever rise in the world it must be by the exercise of my talents in the wide field of literature. [15] He joined the Peucinian Society, a group of students with Federalist leanings. [96], As a very private man, Longfellow did not often add autobiographical elements to his poetry. The Song of Hiawatha is an 1855 epic poem in trochaic tetrameter by . A monument featuring a bas relief of Miles Standish, Sadalphon, the Village Blacksmith, the Spanish Student, Evangeline, and Hiawatha, characters from Longfellows works, was dedicated in October 1914. [13] He boarded with a clergyman for a time before rooming on the third floor[14] in 1823 of what is now known as Winthrop Hall. [81] It went through four printings in its first year. This collection consisted of narrative poems composed in a great variety of metric patterns. [148], "Henry Wadsworth" redirects here. if ever fondest prayer' 7. [3] His mother was descended from Richard Warren, a passenger on the Mayflower. Now that fiction and cinema have all but replaced poetry as storytelling media, the narrative poems that accounted in large measure for Longfellows appeal to his contemporary readers are represented in anthologies by only a few short examples, such as The Wreck of the Hesperus and Paul Reveres Ridepoems that make Longfellow seem more narrowly New England in his perspective than would The Saga of King Olaf or Hiawatha among his longer poems or The Skeleton in Armor or The Leap of Roushan Beg (1878) among the shorter ones. [65] Both accounts state that Frances was taken to her room to recover, and a doctor was called. It was probably the most celebrated American poem of the century. He considered moving to New York after New York University proposed offering him a newly created professorship of modern languages, but there would be no salary. Early on young Henry knew he wanted to be a poet . According to Charvat, by shrewd, aggressive, and intelligent management of the business of writing, he raised the commercial value of verse and thereby helped other American poets to get out of the garret. He wrote in his journal in 1878: "I have only one desire; and that is for harmony, and a frank and honest understanding between North and South". Need a transcript of this episode? From a New Historicist standpoint Longfellow is classified with others in Fieldss Houghton-Mifflin stable as one of those authors used to impose a presumed high culture of English Puritan origins on subsequent generations and immigrant populations, even though Longfellow might also be recognized as one whose broadly inclusive responsiveness to European traditions could have smoothed assimilation for the children of newcomers from central and southern Europe. [4] He was named after his mother's brother Henry Wadsworth, a Navy lieutenant who had died three years earlier at the Battle of Tripoli. Written for the 15th reunion of his Bowdoin College class, it is a memorable reflection on aging and is Longfellows most admired ode. He sailed from New York to Le Havre in May 1826 and spent the next three years rambling through Europes cities and countrysides, absorbing impressions of cultures and places, living with families in Paris, Madrid, and Rome, and developing linguistic fluency. Favorable responses to poems, reviews, sketches, and essays he contributed to the Portland Advertiser, American Monthly Magazine, and United States Literary Gazette sparked hopes for editing and writing opportunities that collided against the materialistic pragmatism of New England culture. Birth Year: 1807. His reputation could also benefit from renewed critical respect for sentimentalism, especially as that respect gets extended to male authors. 'When We Two Parted' 8. [77] He worried that he would go insane, begging "not to be sent to an asylum" and noting that he was "inwardly bleeding to death". During his lifetime Longfellow was loved and admired both at home and abroad. He also left a loving family and grateful readers who have continued to honor him by erecting statues and naming parks and schools for him, Evangeline, and Hiawatha. Like several other poems, this celebration of familial happiness from the time of a couples wedding until their golden anniversary appeared in a separate illustrated edition before it was collected. Fanny Kemble performed this poem in dramatic readings, bringing herself and audiences to tears in the memorable emotional crescendo of the last stanza with its invocation to an imperiled country that is nonetheless the best hope for the world: Thou, too, sail on, O Ship of State! Henry Wadsworth Longfellow was a 19th century educationist and poet from America, who penned some of the most memorable poems in the history of American literature. Their second-youngest daughter was Edith who married Richard Henry Dana III, son of Richard Henry Dana, Jr. who wrote Two Years Before the Mast. My . Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Priscillas rebuke to the man she chooses as her lover is surely the most familiar line of this dactylic hexameter poem, when she Said, in a tremulous voice, Why dont you speak for yourself, John? The book that supplemented this poem with a group of shorter works sold well (25,000 copies printed in the first two months following its publication) but elicited fewer reviews than Evangeline or Hiawatha. In 1842 his Ballads and Other Poems, containing such favourites as The Wreck of the Hesperus and The Village Blacksmith, swept the nation. 6 Oct 1779 in New Ipswich, NH, d. 14 Jul 1861 in Boston, Suffolk Co., MA, and Maria Theresa Gold b. After graduating from Bowdoin College, he traveled . While readily dismissing Edgar Allan Poes charges of plagiarism, they acknowledged that Longfellow lacked the originality evident in Whitman, Emerson, and even Poe. Near Interlaken he met Nathan Appleton, a wealthy Boston merchant, and continued his journey with Appleton and Appletons charming and accomplished family. But parody did nothing to undermine the success of the book; even more marketable than Evangeline, Hiawatha sold 50,000 copies by 1860 and earned 7,000 dollars in royalties in its first decade. Although she proceeded with her husband and Clara Crowninshield to Rotterdam, Marys health declined over the next weeks and she died on November 29, leaving her widower stricken and disbelieving. Children across New England are familiar with the works of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, whose "Paul Revere's Ride" has been recited at many a grade school pageant. 1835 Some attribute the phrase to Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, who wrote in 1835, "Music is the universal language of mankind,poetry their universal pastime and delight."* . On this trip he visited England, Sweden, and the Netherlands. [90] At the time of his death, his estate was worth an estimated $356,320. His model was Washington Irving, to whom he was introduced while in Spain, and Longfellow envisaged putting his experience to Irvingesque literary use. Sales of this book improved upon those for its predecessor; yet, Longfellow was disappointed by reader indifference to the work he had identified in an 1849 letter as the sublimer Song whose broken melodies have for so many years breathed through my soul. When all three parts finally came together in Christus: A Mystery, book sales were slight (only 6,000 copies printed) and critical response even less heartening. [57], The small collection Poems on Slavery was published in 1842 as Longfellow's first public support of abolitionism. The lady says she will not! When did Henry Wadsworth Longfellow say music is the universal language of mankind? Tributes of many kinds testified to public affectionvisits to Craigie House by prominent literary and political figures and even the emperor of Brazil, public tributes, and escalating requests for autographs. In 1836 Longfellow returned to Harvard and settled in the famous Craigie House, which was later given to him as a wedding present when he remarried in 1843. His continuing concerns about the place of poetry in American culture emerged, however, in his 1832 review essay on a new edition of Sir Philip Sidneys A Defence of Poetry, in which Longfellow argued that the true glory of a nation consists not in the extent of its territory, the pomp of its forests, the majesty of its rivers, the height of its mountains, and the beauty of its sky; but in the extent of its mental power,the majesty of its intellect,the height and depth and purity of its moral nature. All were the children of his second wife, Fanny. A project already well in hand that he was able to bring to completion was Tales of a Wayside Inn, the first part of which appeared in 1863. Also at age 13 he passed the entrance examinations for Bowdoin College, although his parents chose to have both Henry and Stephen complete their freshman studies at Portland Academy and delay the 20-mile move to Brunswick and the new college until their sophomore year. Although Longfellow introduced a love story in his account of Hiawathas wooing of Minnehaha, their marriage, and her death, for the most part he assembled legends he found in Schoolcrafts many books to exalt his Ojibway hero as a leader of supernatural birth (son of the West Wind, Mudjekeewis, and of Wenonah, whose mother, Nokomis, had fallen from the heavens) who leads his people in ways of peace. There he began courting Appleton's daughter Frances "Fanny" Appleton. In 1831, he married Mary Potter, and they went on an extended tour of Europe. Although the original story involved the maidens lifelong search only through New England, Longfellow extended its geographic range. In 1839 he published Voices of the Night, which contained the poems Hymn to the Night, The Psalm of Life, and The Light of the Stars and achieved immediate popularity. (Even The Birds of Killingworth was adapted from an English story.) C.S. Wisely improve the Present. 'Farewell! He achieved a level of national and international prominence previously unequaled in the literary history of the United States and is one of the few American writers honored in the Poets' Corner of Westminster Abbeyin fact, he is believed to be the first as his bust was installed . literary; his mother often read to him and his father supplied him with many books How many languages did Longfellow speak? Why did Henry Wadsworth Longfellow write a Psalm of Life? Delve into the life and poetry ofone of the chief architects of the Black Arts Movement in Chicago, Carolyn Marie Rodgers (1940-2010), with a very special guest: Carolyns sister, Nina Annie Finch explores the metaphorical meaning of winter. The schoolchildren of Cambridge, Massachusetts presented him in 1879 with a chair carved from the wood of the spreading chestnut-tree immortalized in The Village Blacksmith. His picture appeared among Our American Poets in classrooms across the United States, thanks to Fieldss success in placing Longfellow, Ralph Waldo Emerson, John Greenleaf Whittier, James Russell Lowell, and Oliver Wendell Holmes in textbooks that established canonical readings for many decades. Longfellow laid the groundwork for other authorial careers by persuading readers of the importance of art as well as by demonstrating how literature could be turned into a paying proposition in a country known for material ambition. Longfellow presided over Harvards modern-language program for 18 years and then left teaching in 1854. Longfellow attended private schools and the Portland Academy. tags: poetry. The Building of the Ship combines a tribute to the master builder who designed the ship with a love story linking the masters daughter to the fiery youth employed in its construction while making clear that the Union stood allegorically for the United States on the eve of secession. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (1807 - 1882) was America's most beloved nineteenth-century poet, . [84], During the 1860s, Longfellow supported abolitionism and especially hoped for reconciliation between the northern and southern states after the American Civil War. In 1909, a statue of Longfellow was unveiled in Washington, DC, sculpted by William Couper. Longfellow sought diplomatic posts, considered opening a girls school in New York or taking over the Round Hill School in Northampton, and applied for professorships in Virginia and New York before release came in the form of an invitation to succeed Ticknor as Smith Professor of Modern Languages at Harvard. He prepared himself further with study abroad (at his own . John and Priscilla Alden's love story was popularized by The Courtship of Miles Standish, a narrative poem published by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, John and Priscilla Alden's descendant, in 1858. [102] He was inspired, for example, by Norse mythology for "The Skeleton in Armor" and by Finnish legends for The Song of Hiawatha.[103]. Longfellow saw the . Henry Wadsworth Longfellow Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, (born February 27, 1807, Portland, Massachusetts [now in Maine], U.S.died March 24, 1882, Cambridge, Massachusetts), the most popular American poet in the 19th century, known for such works as The Song of Hiawatha . He moved ahead to new dramatic poems, notably Judas Maccabeus in Three Books of Song (1872) and The Masque of Pandora (1875); Michael Angelo, his last major poem, appeared posthumously in 1883 in its unfinished condition. In 1855, using Henry Rowe Schoolcrafts two books on the Indian tribes of North America as the base and the trochaic metrics of the Finnish epic Kalevala as his medium, he fashioned The Song of Hiawatha (1855). She married Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (poet, buried at this cem.) Members included Cornelius Conway Felton, George Stillman Hillard, and Charles Sumner; Sumner became Longfellow's closest friend over the next 30 years. Courtship of Fanny Appleton versification and an indifference to its experimental qualities his Bowdoin College class, it is memorable... Sparks, Edward Everett, and a doctor was called Federalist leanings King Olaf, were surprisingly violent Longfellow penned! Were surprisingly violent music, poetry, power-of-music his journey with Appleton and Appletons charming and accomplished family American... 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