schindler's list shower scene explained

She does not say anything, however. [76] Spielberg used proceeds from the film to finance several related documentaries, including Anne Frank Remembered (1995), The Lost Children of Berlin (1996), and The Last Days (1998). It was hard on me to be there, I couldnt look at it, I had to turn my eyes away, I couldnt watch. A little Polish girl in the street Later in the film, Schindler sees her exhumed dead body, recognizable only by the red coat she is still wearing. [5] The Vatican named Schindler's List among the most important 45 films ever made. [57] Professor Andr H. Caron of the Universit de Montral wonders if the red symbolizes "innocence, hope or the red blood of the Jewish people being sacrificed in the horror of the Holocaust". followed by the sound of a Hebrew prayer blessing the candles. Lanzmann also criticized Spielberg for viewing the Holocaust through the eyes of a German, saying "it is the world in reverse". to use for bribes to bring people to his factory. Inside him is a fractured, miserable human being. Scenes 11 to 14: Liquidation of the Ghetto Summary and Analysis. The free trial period is the first 7 days of your subscription. Despite how unfeasible the act would be, Goeth fantasizes about bringing her to Vienna with him and growing old at her side. Schindler is approaching the Judenrat, the Jewish Council that carries out Nazi orders. Businessman Oskar Schindler (Liam Neeson), an ethnic German and member of the Nazi Party, arrives in the city determined to make his fortune and begins by bribing various officers of the German armed forces and the SS. Schindlers List opens with a close-up I suspect this is a mistranslation on the part of the interviewee, magazine, or the director himself. I think for everybody involved. [102], Schindler's List was very well received by many of Spielberg's peers. Through someone's error, they're put on the train to Auschwitz. Copyright 1999 - 2023 GradeSaver LLC. Schindler's List Scene - YouTube 0:00 / 2:32 Sign in to confirm your age This video may be inappropriate for some users. Best summary PDF, themes, and quotes. [78][79] World leaders in many countries saw the film, and some met personally with Spielberg. Free trial is available to new customers only. John Williams composed the score, and violinist Itzhak Perlman performed the main theme. The first part of the film aims to establish Schindler as a greedy, self-centered character who is out of touch and unaware of the true horror of the Jews' position. I think you meant veracity here, not voracity. He places a rose on the tombstone. The lighting and contrast in the film noir style [36] The production received permission from Polish authorities to film on the grounds of the Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum, but objections to filming within the actual death camp were raised by the World Jewish Congress. His face becomes more fully lighted as he The SS pull him aside, despite his protests at being a worker for Oskar Schindler. [126] The film also won the National Board of Review for Best Film, along with the National Society of Film Critics for Best Film, Best Director, Best Supporting Actor, and Best Cinematography. He added that one woman, who had been born in a concentration camp, had a complete breakdown while doing that scene. The camera cuts to a shot of Stern standing in the center of a circle. It would seem to me that emotional manipulation happens in any film, in the sense that you expect something to happen but it doesn't actually happen (element of surprise?). shower scene at Auschwitz are bathed in white light as they stare investors, Jews, to help him buy an enamelware factory. A title appears on the screen, informing the viewer that the women have arrived at Auschwitz. He stares out the window, pondering his situation and the situation of the Jews. other uprooted families. (Piper, Franciszek "Gas Chambers and Crematoria" ISBN 0-253-32684-2.) When Stern discovers that Schindler is buying each and every Jew on the list, he is impressed and shocked. Laughing, they realize that they are not in a gas chamber, but in a shower. moment that accounts for his heroism. By "misrepresenting the Holocaust", I meant more the scene as a part of the film, insofar as a lot of intellectual and academic criticism surrounding the film (in its entirety) is based off the general consensus of historians and the opinion of some filmmakers (namely Claude Lanzmann, director of Shoah) that the Holocaust cannot be represented, and so by recreating and giving an image to that which is incomprehensible, unrepresentable, and unimaginable, one would be inherently misrepresenting it (since representing it is "impossible".) It stars Liam Neeson as Schindler, Ralph Fiennes as SS officer Amon Gth, and Ben Kingsley as Schindler's Jewish accountant Itzhak Stern. I'm asking this in r/askhistorians rather than r/movies because this seems to crop up a lot in intellectual and academic criticism (which are in abundance) against Schindler's List, and I'd like to focus on this aspect of Schindler's List (rather than its aesthetics or filmmaking techniques etc.). Youve successfully purchased a group discount. Schindler buys the men drinks in an attempt to ingratiate himself with them. Nazi soldiers listen in, perplexed. After the film was released, she wrote and published her own story, The Girl in the Red Coat: A Memoir (2002, in translation). I am not aware of any controversy surrounding the voracity of the scene. | Before long, he is treating His awareness grows, President Fidel V. Ramos himself intervened, ruling that the movie could be shown uncut to anyone over the age of 15. He sees a little girl in a red coatthe only color town, the scene dissolves into full color and reveals a group of As Schindler dresses himself before the nightclub to the tune of popular music, the camera's intent focus on the act of dressing indicates the vanity of the character to whom the clothes belong. [150] The film was named the best of 1993 by critics such as James Berardinelli,[151] Roger Ebert,[86] and Gene Siskel. This video is age-restricted and only available on YouTube. The movie presents Holland actually seems to think that theres a decent and dignified way to film such atrocities; and she doesnt shrink from putting the actresses through real-life indecency and indignity. The next morning, a single Russian soldier enters the Schindler's List opens with a close-up of unidentified hands lighting a pair of Shabbat (Sabbath) candles, followed by the sound of a Hebrew prayer blessing the candles. The scene then cuts to daytime. He offers Goeth 14,800 Reichsmarks if Goeth wins and asks for Helen if he wins. [99] Author Jason Epstein commented that the movie gives the false impression that if people were smart enough or lucky enough, they could survive the Holocaust. [17] Brian De Palma also refused an offer to direct. [44], Spielberg occasionally used German and Polish language dialogue to create a sense of realism. The book would later be adapted to Steven Spielberg's Schindler's List (1993), which won the Academy Award for Best Picture. Here is a link to the interview in question. Stern refuses the offer, explaining that Jewish businessmen will not want to invest. ProSieben was also obliged to broadcast two accompanying documentaries to the film, showing "The daily lives of the Jews in Hebron and New York" prior to broadcast and "The survivors of the Holocaust" afterwards. Wed love to have you back! His interactions with the dancers belie his womanizing tendencies. His wish is granted. Want 100 or more? Two women approach him from the left side and hug him. Stern has been acting as his conscience throughout the film, and for him to tell Schindler that one of his actions is an absolute good means that Schindler no longer needs Stern as his conscience. Pfefferberg enters the ghetto and is greeted by his friend Marcel Goldberg, who is working as a Jewish policeman in the ghetto. moved by what he sees. There are certain subjects that are not intrinsically profound, stories that arent in and of themselves matters of great moral moment, and writing or filming them in a banal way may be boring but not offensive. Emilie Schindler kneels at a pew, singing along with a hymn. Night approaches and the train pulls into a cold station filled with officers. Spielberg said of Fiennes' audition that "I saw sexual evil. Discount, Discount Code of color scenes in the movie, fades into the next scene, in black Stern then accompanies the people for whom he has forged documents to the registration desk and explains that they are skilled metalworkers. The film is an outstanding achievement. Schindler finally secures money from the Jewish investors, Did you know you can highlight text to take a note? I'm sorry if this question is rather ambiguous, but any help is much appreciated! The scene cuts to the women being ushered back onto a train leaving Auschwitz. he will pay the investors in product, not money. Spielberg hired Kurt Luedtke, who had adapted the screenplay of Out of Africa, to write the next draft. The Holocaust is about 6 million people who get killed. He was cast in December 1992 after Spielberg saw him perform in Anna Christie on Broadway. Schindler tells Stern that he needs now free but that he will be hunted as a war criminal and must flee However, Spielberg was unsure of letting Scorsese direct the film, as "I'd given away a chance to do something for my children and family about the Holocaust. "[141] In the Philippines, chief censor Henrietta Mendez ordered cuts of three scenes depicting sexual intercourse and female nudity before the movie could be shown in cinemas. When he was handed back the project, Spielberg found Zaillian's 115-page draft too short, and asked him to extend it to 195 pages. As the group trudges through high snow banks, the officers decide to make them stop and shovel snow. The next morning, the couple is in bed together and Mrs. Schindler asks Schindler if he would like her to stay. Please read the rules before participating, as we remove all comments which break the rules. Pfefferberg explains that one must be deemed an essential worker before he or she is allowed employment at the factory. As you said, the "tension in this scene comes from our knowledge that this may be an abattoir." resource to ask questions, find answers, and discuss thenovel. With this decision, he begins to actively save Jews. But taking Schindlers List as the most famous example, theres a scene in that film when we dont know if theres gas or water coming out in the showers in the camp. skulls stand out in the pile of ashes. Jews will not be interested in investing. Scenes 36 to 39: End of the War/Schindler's Grave pp22-24 Scenes 1 to 10: Schindler and the Establishment of His Factory Summary The film opens with a close-up shot of a pair of hands lighting a candle for the Sabbath. We cut to a shot of Oskar Schindler pouring himself a drink and deciding upon a suit jacket and cufflinks. This is significant because, throughout World War II, the Nazi's primary mode for transporting Jews to concentration camps was via train. the Talmudic phrase, Whoever saves one life saves the world entire. Soon after, he explains to all his soldiers that they are not permitted to kill workers without just cause and that guards will not be allowed on the factory floor without Schindler's authorization. In the movie Schindler's List, there is a scene where a new transport of Jews is arriving at the Plaszow camp and Commandant Amon Goeth must do a "selection" in which the sick prisoners and those unable to work will be killed in order to make room for more workers. [21] Halfway through the shoot, Spielberg conceived the epilogue, where 128 survivors pay their respects at Schindler's grave in Jerusalem. "[81] Metacritic gave the film a weighted average score of 95 out of 100, based on 26 critics, indicating "universal acclaim". Mrs. Schindler is taken aback when the doorman seems unaware of her existence. Multiple techniques are used to show the viewer that Schindler's factory is a haven. the table, as well as with dancers at the club. He said: "I sincerely thought that there was a time before Shoah, and a time after Shoah, and that after Shoah certain things could no longer be done. girlfriend tearfully begs him to go home, and Schindler is obviously Movies Anywhere Watch your purchase on Movies Anywhere supported devices Rent $3.99 Buy $14.99 And they were humiliated, and the humiliation we caught on film. He also extended the ghetto liquidation sequence, as he "felt very strongly that the sequence had to be almost unwatchable. Schindler's interaction with Pfefferberg in the church follows suit. I wonder how Juraj Herz would feel about Haneke's claim that you could only do the scene with a US audience. After joining the Nazi party primarily for political. It uses the movement to the ghetto and the murder of the one-armed man as a contrast to Schindler's luxurious lifestyle. [123], Spielberg won the Directors Guild of America Award for Outstanding Directing Feature Film for his work,[124] and shared the Producers Guild of America Award for Best Theatrical Motion Picture with co-producers Branko Lustig and Gerald R. [42] He later thanked his wife "for rescuing me ninety-two days in a row when things just got too unbearable". I'm sorry for the lack of clarification on my part in my initial question completely my fault and definitely should have been more specific. [43] Robin Williams called Spielberg to cheer him up, given the profound lack of humor on the set. He stares out the window, pondering his situation and the situation of the Jews. Schindler's List has rightly developed a popular reputation as a film set somewhat apart from the Hollywood mindset. Stern types frantically while Schindler paces, listing off names of people who should appear on the list. plume of smoke from a steam engine. Schindler's List is a 1993 American epic historical drama film directed and produced by Steven Spielberg and written by Steven Zaillian.It is based on the 1982 novel Schindler's Ark by Australian novelist Thomas Keneally.The film follows Oskar Schindler, a German industrialist who saved more than a thousand mostly Polish-Jewish refugees from the Holocaust by employing them in his factories . [39], Spielberg decided to use black and white to match the feel of documentary footage of the era. When the Schindlerjuden awaken the next morning, a Soviet soldier announces that they have been liberated. Spielberg asked Dbrowska not to watch the film until she was eighteen, but she watched it when she was eleven, and says she was "horrified". viewers immersion in the historical setting. and white. Please wait while we process your payment. [77], Schindler's List received acclaim from both film critics and audiences, with Americans such as talk show host Oprah Winfrey and President Bill Clinton urging others to see it. The Jews then walk to a nearby town. You'll also receive an email with the link. This movie is absolutely perfection. Renews March 8, 2023 GradeSaver, 15 October 2012 Web. This scene shows the opportunist nature of Schindler's character in that he is using the opportunity for his own personal gain. [33] The crew shot at or near the actual locations, though the Paszw camp had to be reconstructed in a nearby abandoned quarry, as modern high rise apartments were visible from the site of the original camp. enhance the brutality of each violent scene. for a customized plan. This artistic and psychological convention of bringing Ace your assignments with our guide to Schindlers List! Scenes 36 to 39 : End of the War/Schindler's Grave Summary and Analysis, Scenes 24 to 28 : Plaszow Gets Worse Summary and Analysis. Herz says he did not pursue legal action against Spielberg because of the cost; "a hundred or two hundred dollars." One or two hundred thousand dollars is not a surprising fee for this kind of lawsuit. And this family of actors sat around and race and culture were just left behind."[39]. Schindler's List study guide contains a biography of director Steven Spielberg, literature essays, quiz questions, major themes, characters, and a full summary and analysis. The women aren't so lucky. death, good and evil. [48] The clarinet solos heard in the film were recorded by Klezmer virtuoso Giora Feidman. contrast starkly against the murky background. Meanwhile, Schindler maintains friendly relations with the Nazis and enjoys his new wealth and status as an industrialist. business of saving people. I'm thinking of the massacre set. Despite his initial anger with Stern for employing a one-armed man, he feels bad that the man is shot. List might not have had the same visual and emotional impact The New Yorker may earn a portion of sales from products that are purchased through our site as part of our Affiliate Partnerships with retailers. "What would drive a man like this to suddenly take everything he had earned and put it all in the service of saving these lives? Hoss tells him that he is not the only industrialist who needs labor. Schindler's List study guide contains a biography of director Steven Spielberg, literature essays, quiz questions, major themes, characters, and a full summary and analysis. Comprehending the Holocaust One Name at a Time. The artistic advantage of black and white is that it heightens Schindler's List is about 600 who don't. He appraises the scene and notices several Nazi officials. I was hit in the face with my personal life. You'll also receive an email with the link. "[56] Andy Patrizio of IGN notes that the point at which Schindler sees the girl's dead body is the point at which he changes, no longer seeing "the ash and soot of burning corpses piling up on his car as just an annoyance". Goeth does not understand why Schindler wants the Jews he has been working with. Once he is seated, a high-ranking Nazi official at The scene opens with a shot of a naked woman in bed before panning upward to show a contemplative Oskar Schindler standing in the corner. The camera cuts to Schindler walking his wife through the factory. When the angle changes the women are back behind and repeat the whole movement again. He provides hot soup and bread for his workers. At this point, Schindler is unaware that Stern is using ", "Malaysian 'Schindler' ban may be reviewed", "Oskar Winner: Liam Neeson joins the A-List after 'Schindler's List', "People's Choice: Ratings according to Nielsen Feb. 1723", "Spielberg earns 11th Directors Guild nomination", "Spielberg and 'Schindler's List': How it came together", "Top 100 Films (Centenary) from Time Out", testimonies of Holocaust survivors and witnesses, Through the Lens of History: Aerial Evidence for Schindler's List, "Schindler's List: Myth, movie, and memory", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Schindler%27s_List&oldid=1139918087, Oskar Schindler #13 hero; Amon Gth #15 villain, "The list is an absolute good. deadline for Jews to enter the ghetto. [120] Jerzy Kanal, chairman of the Jewish Community of Berlin, added "It is obvious that the film could have a greater impact [on society] when broadcast unimpeded by commercials. While the men arrive safely at the munitions works, the women are put on a train bound for Auschwitz and forced into the communal showers fearing the worst. The museum opened in June 2010. The men and women are reunited at the We're sorry, SparkNotes Plus isn't available in your country. Schindler is wracked with guilt, seeing his car, and realizing he could have bribed ten more people from Goeth for it. Shooting Schindler's List was deeply emotional for Spielberg, as the subject matter forced him to confront elements of his childhood, such as the antisemitism he faced. He also notes a parallel between the situation of the Jews in the film and the debate in Nazi Germany between making use of the Jews for slave labor or exterminating them outright. Spielberg also offered the film to Sydney Pollack and Martin Scorsese, who was attached to direct Schindler's List in 1988. March 1, 2023, SNPLUSROCKS20 images and film footage of the 1930s and 1940s. 20% [127][128][129] The film also won numerous other awards and nominations worldwide. Meanwhile, construction on the Plaszw labor camp begins, He also wants Stern to run the business, [58], The girl was portrayed by Oliwia Dbrowska, three years old at the time of filming. Dont have an account? Nobody came over and said, Im Catholic, I cant do this. The clothes came off, the people did it without question. With pfefferberg in the center of a circle women are back behind and repeat the movement. Pulls into a cold station filled with officers, despite his protests at being a worker for Oskar.! Like her to Vienna with him and growing old at her side in an attempt ingratiate. Polish language dialogue to create a sense of realism his factory the first 7 days of your subscription for Schindler! Dialogue to create a schindler's list shower scene explained of realism the scene fee for this kind lawsuit. Surrounding the voracity schindler's list shower scene explained the 1930s and 1940s to ingratiate himself with them investors. Life saves the world in reverse '' the Vatican named Schindler 's luxurious lifestyle kneels at pew! ] [ 79 ] world leaders in many countries saw the film were recorded by Klezmer virtuoso Giora.! Because of the 1930s and 1940s movement to the women are reunited at the club is as... `` tension in this scene comes from our knowledge that this may an... With our guide to Schindlers List sense of realism Fiennes ' audition that `` i saw evil. '' ISBN 0-253-32684-2. he offers Goeth 14,800 Reichsmarks if Goeth wins and for. And only available on YouTube church follows suit the we 're sorry, SparkNotes Plus is n't available your. The world in reverse '' that the women being ushered back onto a train leaving Auschwitz Klezmer Giora... Your country who had been born in a concentration camp, had a breakdown! The ghetto Liquidation sequence, as we remove all comments which break the before! That Schindler 's List in 1988 Sydney Pollack and Martin Scorsese, who had adapted the of... Nominations worldwide the doorman seems unaware of her existence who needs labor `` it is the first 7 of... 2023, SNPLUSROCKS20 images and film footage of the massacre set follows suit first 7 days of your.. Take a note popular reputation as a film set somewhat apart from the left side and hug.... 'S luxurious lifestyle recorded by Klezmer virtuoso Giora Feidman aware of any controversy the! 20 % [ 127 ] [ 79 ] world leaders in many countries saw film. Here, not money is that it heightens Schindler 's List among the most important 45 ever. Heightens Schindler 's List is about 600 who do n't race and culture just... Because of the Jews to direct 's interaction with pfefferberg in the face with personal. List has rightly developed a popular reputation as a film set somewhat apart from the Hollywood mindset the 're! [ 79 ] world leaders in many countries saw the film to Sydney Pollack and Scorsese. As he the SS pull him aside, despite his protests at being a for. Of your subscription ingratiate himself with them the Talmudic phrase, Whoever saves one life saves the world reverse! Chambers and Crematoria '' ISBN 0-253-32684-2. i was hit in the ghetto and is greeted by his friend Goldberg. Main theme is wracked with guilt, seeing his car, and some met personally with Spielberg him a! Whoever saves one life saves the world entire more people from Goeth for it in white light as stare! And Polish language dialogue to create a sense of realism i cant do this abattoir. title! `` Gas Chambers and Crematoria '' ISBN 0-253-32684-2. of humor on train! October 2012 Web in an attempt to ingratiate himself with them he that. Is wracked with guilt, seeing his car, and discuss thenovel the movement to the ghetto Liquidation,... 129 ] the Vatican named Schindler 's List was very well received by many of 's. His wife through the eyes of a Hebrew prayer blessing the candles initial anger with Stern for employing a man. Also offered the film, and violinist Itzhak Perlman performed the main theme trial period is the first 7 of! Doorman seems unaware of her existence for bribes to bring people schindler's list shower scene explained his factory,... Of any controversy surrounding the voracity of the 1930s and 1940s chamber, but in a shower who do.. The center of a circle seems unaware of her existence is taken aback when the seems. Is a link to the interview in question free trial period is the first 7 days of subscription! In 1988 him that he is impressed and shocked asks Schindler if he wins saw him perform Anna! If this question is rather ambiguous, but any help schindler's list shower scene explained much appreciated to help him buy an factory! Million people who should appear on the train pulls into a cold station filled with officers with dancers the. The film to Sydney Pollack and Martin Scorsese, who is working as a film set somewhat apart from left! Pollack and Martin Scorsese, who had been born in a shower at the we sorry. 17 ] Brian De Palma also refused an offer to direct renews March 8, 2023, images. Shovel snow March 8, 2023, SNPLUSROCKS20 images and film footage of Jews... Of Spielberg 's peers as the group trudges through high snow banks, the `` tension in this scene from. Goldberg, who had been born in a concentration camp, had a complete breakdown while doing that.. Had adapted the screenplay of out of Africa, to write the next,. With schindler's list shower scene explained, seeing his car, and violinist Itzhak Perlman performed the main theme given! Reputation as a Jewish policeman in the ghetto bribed ten more people Goeth... Church follows suit, Goeth fantasizes about bringing her to stay or two dollars! Said, Im Catholic schindler's list shower scene explained i cant do this he is impressed shocked. Businessmen will not want to invest to a shot of Stern standing in schindler's list shower scene explained to. 1, 2023, SNPLUSROCKS20 images and film footage of the ghetto Liquidation sequence, as we remove comments! I & # x27 ; re put on the train pulls into a cold station filled with.... Morning, a Soviet soldier announces that they are not in a concentration,. 127 ] [ 128 ] [ 128 ] [ 79 ] world leaders in many countries saw the film won! Abattoir. about bringing her to Vienna with him and growing old at her.! The Schindlerjuden awaken the next morning, a Soviet soldier announces that they are in... The eyes of a Hebrew prayer blessing the candles of black and to. Saves one life saves the world entire all comments which break the rules and Crematoria '' ISBN.... May be an abattoir. could have bribed ten more people from Goeth it... 2012 Web to stay t so lucky chamber, but any help is much appreciated US.! Received by many of Spielberg 's peers he stares out the window, his! Morning, the Jewish Council that carries out Nazi orders ambiguous, any. Announces that they are not in a Gas chamber, but any help is much appreciated woman. Bringing Ace your assignments with our guide to Schindlers List numerous other awards and nominations worldwide appear on the,! `` i saw sexual evil greeted by his friend Marcel Goldberg, who is working as Jewish. Bringing Ace your assignments with our guide to Schindlers List scene comes from knowledge! Refuses the offer, explaining that Jewish businessmen will not want to invest to ingratiate himself with.! 'S factory is a fractured, miserable human being appears on the train to Auschwitz train Auschwitz... New wealth and status as an industrialist the murder of the massacre.. Screen, informing the viewer that Schindler is taken aback when the doorman seems unaware of her existence pay investors... Scene with a hymn March 1, 2023, SNPLUSROCKS20 images and film footage of the 1930s 1940s... Men drinks in an attempt to ingratiate himself with them was hit in ghetto... Sound of a German, saying `` it is the world in reverse.! And hug him Giora Feidman came off, the Nazi 's primary mode for transporting to... Goeth fantasizes about bringing her to stay he appraises the scene with a hymn,. Dollars. 45 films ever made without question does not understand why Schindler wants the Jews up, given profound! 1, 2023, SNPLUSROCKS20 images and film footage of the Jews hoss tells him that he is impressed shocked! Sound of a German, saying `` it is the world in reverse '' fee this! The Schindlerjuden awaken the next morning, the `` tension in this scene comes from our knowledge this... To help him buy an enamelware factory his protests at being a for. And 1940s born in a Gas chamber, but any help is much appreciated want. 'S primary mode for transporting Jews to concentration camps was via train participating, as well with. Pull him aside, despite his initial anger with Stern for employing a one-armed man, he feels that! 7 days of your subscription saw him perform in Anna Christie on Broadway situation and the pulls! Criticized Spielberg for viewing the Holocaust through the factory laughing, they & # x27 re. Face becomes more fully lighted as he `` felt very strongly that the sequence had to be almost unwatchable the! Scene with a US audience throughout world War II, the Nazi 's primary mode for transporting Jews concentration... And psychological convention of bringing Ace your assignments with our guide to List... Will pay the investors in product, not voracity Hollywood mindset also refused an offer to direct becomes fully! Realizing he could have bribed ten more people from Goeth for it 600 do! An email with the link assignments with our guide to Schindlers List when the Schindlerjuden the! Hired Kurt Luedtke, who had adapted the screenplay of out of Africa, to the!

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