Never store gasoline in glass or any other unapproved container. Using lotions and moisturizers before getting dressed and throughout the day will help keep static electricity from accumulating on your body. 0000005175 00000 n If the charge is very large, a spark to the earth may happen unexpectedly. The surfaces will repel each other, when they have the same charge. Privacy Policy. There is a risk that a PED (personal electronic device) may create or induce a spark of sufficient intensity to ignite fuel vapour released during fuelling but it is extremely remote under normal circumstances. Our skilled professionals are on standby waiting to address your next electrical concern. Ben Visser is an aviation fuels and lubricants expert who spent 33 years with Shell Oil. /|zz";|0Bl+$GIk!Sv2w 0000004060 00000 n Why should there be any difference in reducing electrical FOD? Catastrophic failures occur in two forms, direct and latent. This results in a change in the state of charge. It is really interesting Jet A has a lower risk of fire compared to Jet B or JP-4. Aurrigo International Agrees to Electric Autonomous Vehicle Development Partnership with Singapore's Changi Airport Group, Birmingham-Shutlesworth International Airport Partners with Kuehne+Nagel to Expand Air Cargo Business in the Region, NYCs JFK Terminal 1 Resumes Limited Flights after Outage, Inside Missoula Montana Airport's New Terminal, AviationPros Podcast: Inside Missoula Montana Airport's New Terminal. The average current is 2600 A. Accumulation of a surface static charge may occur on either an aircraft or its fuelling vehicle under certain conditions. ", "I have used Wire Craft to upgrade wiring in my home and also in my office building in Seattle. The following events on the SKYbrary database involved Fuel Loading: On 7 June 2016, a GE90-115B engined Boeing 777-300 made a high speed rejected takeoff on 3200 metre-long runway 14 at Dhaka after right engine failure was annunciated at 149KCAS - just below V1. There are various situations where static electricity can pose a hazard, for example: The risk of electrocution (e.g from lightning), The risk of a fire or explosion due to a spark close to a flammable gas or liquid, There are dangers of sparking in everyday situations such as fuelling vehicles such as cars and planes, Earthing is used to prevent the dangerous build-up of charge, This is done by connecting the vehicles to the Earth with a conductor, A build-up of static charge is a potential danger when refuelling aeroplanes, The friction between the fuel (a liquid insulator) and the pipe causes the fuel to, If this charge were to cause a spark, the fuel could ignite and cause an explosion, This is prevented by the fuel tank being connected to the Earth with a copper wire called the, You could be asked to explain other dangers and uses in your exams, They may ask you to explain the movement of charge in terms of, State what the danger is (electrocution? (Note that the gases need to be expressed as pressure in atm. gcsescience.com, Home But the air/fuel ratio with the higher vapor pressure auto gasoline in the area around the filler neck is too rich to burn. Grounding is unnecessary here because electric charge stays on the outside of the bag where it remains harmless. 2.4.4 Uses & Dangers of Static Electricity. If turbine fuels do not contain a static dissipater, or where wide-cut fuels (Jet B, JP4 or equivalent) are loaded, a substantial reduction in fuel flow rate is recommended to preclude ignition in the tank due to electrostatic discharge. When you put the nozzle into the filler neck of your car, the hose is grounded. For example, if you suspend a spark plug 0.1 inches above the fuel level in a container partially full of gasoline and send a charge to the plug to jump the gap, nothing will happen. If thegrounding point on your aircraft does not have electrical conductivity with the filler neck, then when the hose is placed in the neck or during the fueling process, the electrical potential will not be equalized and a spark can occur. Aircraft refuelling and de-fuelling are accompanied by attendant hazards which must be managed sufficiently for their mitigation to acceptable levels. Foreign Object Damage (FOD) is something that has been drilled into the minds of aviation personnel. Coupling/uncoupling of hoses must not be undertaken unless electrical bonding (see below) is in place. ["YKHhAZOA ~ sT+Zw]U}~ L'Vvi)W endstream endobj 96 0 obj 292 endobj 86 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 77 0 R /Resources 87 0 R /Contents 91 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 378 540 ] /CropBox [ 0 0 378 540 ] /Rotate 0 >> endobj 87 0 obj << /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text ] /Font << /F2 90 0 R /F3 88 0 R /F4 92 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 93 0 R >> /ColorSpace << /Cs9 89 0 R >> >> endobj 88 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /Type1 /Encoding /MacRomanEncoding /BaseFont /Times-Bold >> endobj 89 0 obj [ /Separation /All /DeviceCMYK 94 0 R ] endobj 90 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /Type1 /Encoding /MacRomanEncoding /BaseFont /Times-Roman >> endobj 91 0 obj << /Length 1248 /Filter /FlateDecode >> stream The killer providing the spark is sometimes . It is recommended that the circumstances under which such an event might occur during refuelling should be carefully considered and mitigated. particularly with aircraft which are filled at Back to the basics: For a spark to start a fire or explosion, one must have fuel, air and an ignition source. The refueling driveway surface should be made of conductive materialconcrete is generally conductive, while asphalt is not. | Terms & Conditions | Privacy, Pipeline Strategic Data Tracking System (PSDTS). Use gasoline only in open areas that get plenty of fresh air. A key function of equipment earthing is to provide a controlled method to prevent the build up of static electricity, thus reducing the risk of electrical discharge in potentially hazardous environments. Static Electricity Can Cause Fires! } '+.$wY . G=Po9dByh|q[6luvSe*Fn!yc[ T"%*Lp{v*dO Cu! In the course of our research we learned that a buildup of static electricity can be generated by many different sources. 82 0 obj << /Linearized 1 /O 86 /H [ 1007 405 ] /L 68069 /E 4214 /N 21 /T 66311 >> endobj xref 82 15 0000000016 00000 n 0000000664 00000 n 0000000800 00000 n 0000000953 00000 n 0000001412 00000 n 0000001566 00000 n 0000001722 00000 n 0000001828 00000 n 0000001886 00000 n 0000001993 00000 n 0000003317 00000 n 0000003425 00000 n 0000003503 00000 n 0000001007 00000 n 0000001391 00000 n trailer << /Size 97 /Info 76 0 R /Encrypt 84 0 R /Root 83 0 R /Prev 66301 /ID[<5f4ebed11a5454eec155687a854d9695>] >> startxref 0 %%EOF 83 0 obj << /Type /Catalog /Pages 78 0 R /Outlines 75 0 R /PageLayout /SinglePage /OpenAction 85 0 R /Metadata 81 0 R >> endobj 84 0 obj << /Filter /Standard /V 1 /R 2 /O (E^eE1` Wy) /U ('YoDLQoDBW9 .$s) /P 65476 /Length 40 >> endobj 85 0 obj << /S /GoTo /D [ 86 0 R /Fit ] >> endobj 95 0 obj << /S 273 /O 335 /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 96 0 R >> stream so that there can be no difference in charge between them. There are contact points in these reels that can corrode and result in a loss of electrical conductivity. 0000007851 00000 n supply / earth /ground This fuel is very flammable; The friction between the fuel . %PDF-1.4 % Thanks for explaining some of the science behind the different types of fuel. Relative humidity of the air along with atmospheric contaminates will have an effect on the ability of a material to build up a static charge as well as the tendency to dissipate one. *eu=D:~#GZZTGQ],GwF\l$22{ GW,J^t0Tm-jcX4u?=63[{LWYtSdOc(I7{rYSis6~m/ $4 endstream endobj 29 0 obj 493 endobj 30 0 obj << /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 29 0 R >> stream When fuel tanks on an aircraft are being filled, the aircraft, fuel pipes and tanker are connected by a metal wire to the ground. Electrostatic Charge Quiz How is static electricity dangerous with regards to Mills? Wrist straps also counter unwanted static discharge. "Excellent work and workmanship. Todays trucks have metal nozzles. A suggestion to include charge (any) could move through cup /metal (1) (cup is) earthed (1), Describe one situation where separation of electric charge can create a spark, The situation which caused the charge separation (1) where the spark travelled {from or to}(1). However if any entryway is unguarded other efforts of static suppression may be in vain. What are the dangers of using static electricity? There is a large potential difference (voltage) between the metal rods and the metal plates. between the pipe and the powder If the motorist then returns to the vehicle fill pipe during refueling, the static may discharge at the fill point, causing What about the shops that drain fuel into plastic buckets or containers that are ungrounded? It also appears that PEDs close to or on board modern aircraft can interfere with fuel gauges and some navigation equipment and may cause false fire warnings in cargo/baggage holds. Static electricity is created when objects with different electrical properties come into contact, and negatively charged electrons from one substance are transferred to the other. At equilibrium, the concentrations of NOBr,NO\mathrm{NOBr}, \mathrm{NO}NOBr,NO, and Br2\mathrm{Br}_2Br2 gases are 0.0162M0.0162 \mathrm{M}0.0162M, 0.0011M0.0011 M0.0011M, and 0.072M0.072 M0.072M, respectively. Porygon Z also gets a very powerful boost to its Tri-Attack during Partly Cloudy weather, which could make up for it being a Normal type move. The accumulation of electrostatic charge, generating during flight on the outer surfaces of aircraft and inside aircraft piping systems, cannot be considered as an immediate danger for flight safety, but it has to be seriously prevented to avoid upset in flight communications and risks of explosion in fuel areas or . 0000004000 00000 n Neither crew nor ATC requested a runway inspection and 12 further aircraft movements occurred before it was closed for inspection and recovery of 14 kg of debris. Explain why the dust particles are attracted to the plates, (Force of) attraction (1) (plates have) opposite charge (to dust) (1). earthing strap to it There is a very similar situation with powders in pipes. Normally, at least one of the flight crew should remain in the flight deck. When filling a portable container, manually control the nozzle valve throughout the filling process. An earthing strap connects the pipe to the ground (the Earth). 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