After repeated attempts on Commodus's life, Roman citizens were often killed for making him angry. The film portrays a fictionalized account of historical events, and it illuminates aspects of the culture of ancient Rome. During 191, the city of Rome was extensively damaged by a fire that raged for several days, during which many public buildings including the Temple of Pax, the Temple of Vesta, and parts of the imperial palace were destroyed. Commodus, who is portrayed by Joaquin Phoenix, was indeed the son of Marcus Aurelius (Richard Harris) and an emperor of Rome. Cassius Dio declared that Commodus was not naturally wicked but that his cowardice, made him the slave of his companions.. Yet another attempt on his life had been foiled, but the conspirators did not lose their nerve. While Lucilla did actually try to orchestrate Commodus' assassination, there's no historical evidence of his disturbing attraction to her or their highly tempestuous relationship as depicted in the movie. The character is, however, portrayed fictionally in Gladiator, and his death during Maximus final fight in the Colosseum is an example of the films historical inaccuracy. [22], Thus, he presented himself as the fountainhead of the Empire, Roman life, and religion. On 12 October 166, Commodus was made Caesar together with his younger brother, Marcus Annius Verus. In hindsight, he should have kept the tradition of adopting his successor, which would have resulted in an appointment based on merit. Papirius Dionysius was executed, too. The following year he became the youngest emperor and consul up to that point, at the age of 16. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Other victims at this time were the praetorian prefect Julius Julianus, Commodus's cousin Annia Fundania Faustina, and his brother-in-law Mamertinus. The plot failed, and Commodus retaliated by executing a number of leading senators. Its protagonist, Maximus, is entirely fictitious. Julia Balbilla a possible lover of Sabina: A. R. Birley (1997). His recorded actions do tend to show a rejection of his father's policies, his father's advisers, and especially his father's austere lifestyle, and an alienation from the surviving members of his family. One of the things that the film followed fairly accurately was the . Once that's done, he only has one more goal: reunite with his family in the afterlife. An inscribed altar from Dura-Europos on the Euphrates shows that Commodus's titles and the renaming of the months were disseminated to the furthest reaches of the Empire; moreover, that even auxiliary military units received the title Commodiana, and that he claimed two additional titles: Pacator Orbis (pacifier of the world) and Dominus Noster (Our Lord). The three of them plotted to assassinate the emperor. It appears that Aurelius was desperate to have a son of his own bloodline succeed him. [33] Cassius Dio and the writers of the Augustan History say that Commodus was a skilled archer, who could shoot the heads off ostriches in full gallop, and kill a panther as it attacked a victim in the arena. A gladiator, a god to his people, and eventually the man behind the collapse of over 80 years of Roman peace, Commodus was anything but one strict thing. Sources diverge on the origins of the conspiracy, with some claiming Lucilla was jealous of Commodus wife Crispina (incest between Commodus and Lucilla is suggested in Gladiator) while others maintain she saw the first warning signs of her brothers mental instability. [27] Another event, as recorded by the historian Aelius Lampridius, took place at the Roman baths at Terme Taurine, where the emperor had an attendant thrown into an oven after he had found his bathwater to be lukewarm. Commodus ruled with chaos and left chaos in his wake. This assassination attempt was successful, and both Commodus reign as Roman Emperor, and his life, ended on the final day of 192. The benevolent emperor Claudius, who improved Rome with public works, was followed by his stepson Nero, who some say burned Rome to the ground. Only a famous death will do. In 186 he further reduced the purity and silver weight to 74percent and 2.22grams respectively, being 108 to the Roman pound. His mother was Annia Galeria Faustina, a member of the Roman nobility and the daughter of the emperor Antoninus Pius. After a failed assassination attempt in 182, however, his rule became erratic and brutal, and he imagined himself to be Hercules. He also reduced the silver purity from 79percent to 76percent the silver weight dropping from 2.57grams to 2.34grams. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. His father was Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius , and his mother was Faustina the Younger. The slave who became a gladiator. Ein Gladiator (lateinisch gladiator zu gladius fr . In 177 Lucius was made coruler and heir to his father, the emperor Marcus Aurelius (reigned 161180). The scene portrays the extent of Emperor Commodus malice and provides a realization of the vengeance sought by Maximus, following the crucifixion of his wife and child. After this look at Commodus, check out these interesting facts about Ancient Rome. On 27 November 176, Marcus Aurelius bestowed the title of Imperator on Commodus and in summer 177 he made him a full joint emperor by giving him the title of Augustus. It is uncertain whether Rupilia Faustina was Frugi's daughter by Salonia Matidia or another woman. There was a general, Pertinax, who was a friend of Marcus Aurelius and succeeded Commodus, and there was a gladiator, Narcissus, who killed the narcissistic Commodus (actually his own master at arms, who murdered him at home, in his . On 31 December 192 AD, Commodus's concubine [2] and conspirator Marcia poisoned Commodus's wine. A former Roman General sets out to exact vengeance against the corrupt emperor who murdered his family and sent him into slavery. Corrections? Strange that they didn't kill him earlier. An illustration of the murder of Commmodus. These tendencies now increased to megalomaniacal proportions. Now at the zenith of his power, Cleander continued to sell public offices as his private business. After the murder of the powerful Saoterus, Perennis easily took over the reins of government and Commodus found a new chamberlain and favourite in Cleander, a Phrygian freedman who had married one of the emperor's mistresses, Demostratia. www.alexanderdoddy.com. . The slave who became a gladiator. But now, the people want to know how the story ends. Statues of Commodus were demolished. Instead, he devoted himself to his harem of 300 females and a like number of males, played gladiator at Rome's. Commodus's assassination in 192, by a wrestler in the bath, marked the end of the NervaAntonine dynasty. Gladiator: How Commodus Died In Real Life & Who Killed Him, Gladiator: What Happened To Every Historical Character In Real Life. Didius Julianus, the future emperor and a relative of Salvius Julianus, was dismissed from the governorship of Germania Inferior. The latter eventually would be used as a conventional title by Roman emperors, starting about a century later, but Commodus seems to have been the first to assume it.[31]. However, the ending, while sad, is true to Maximus's goals. He kept most of the advisers from his fathers regime in place and the first three years of his reign ran as smoothly as that of his father with the added benefit that Rome was no longer fighting any wars. In the same year, Pertinax unmasked a conspiracy by two enemies of Cleander Antistius Burrus (one of Commodus's brothers-in-law) and Arrius Antoninus. Sporting critical wounds after enacting his vengeance at the end of Gladiator, Maximus dies moments after Commodus. Classic Villain: Commodus, representing Ambition and Envy. Maximus is given a very clear ending, but what about the rest of Rome? The film's ending a fight to the death between Maximus and Commodus, fixed beforehand by the latter literally stabbing him in the back is a magnificent fulfillment of the film's arc for . But frankly, the rest of "Gladiator" also deserves a standing ovation from an arena full of bloodthirsty Roman citizens (and modern audiences), especially the ending. wahrscheinlich aber erfand Commodus diese Geschichte selber, um seine Sonderrolle zu unterstreichen. Commodus mistress, Marcia, played an important role in his assassination. Commodus: The general who became a slave. The Chilling Mystery of the Octavius Ghost Ship, What is a Wendigo? The long line of ancient Roman emperors is marked by a strange pattern: Almost every exceptionally brilliant emperor was succeeded by an exceptionally mad one. Gladiator is a 2000 epic historical drama film directed by Ridley Scott and written by David Franzoni, John Logan, and William Nicholson.The film was co-produced and released by DreamWorks Pictures and Universal Pictures.DreamWorks Pictures distributed the film in North America while Universal Pictures released it internationally through United International Pictures. The Death of Commodus, from a history book published in 1900. Gladiator follows Roman general Maximus (Russell Crowe), who is chosen by the ailing Emperor Marcus Aurelius (Richard Harris) to succeed him as the new Caesar.This doesn't sit well with Commodus (Joaquin Phoenix), the son of Marcus, who murders his . Aurelius pushed for Commodus to be a leader from a very young age. Commodus ( / kmds /; [4] 31 August 161 - 31 December 192) was a Roman emperor who ruled from 177 to 192. It was three years later that Verus died, leaving Commodus as the only surviving son. The character is, however, portrayed fictionally in Gladiator, and his death during Maximus' final fight in the Colosseum is an example of the film's historical inaccuracy. Mudlarker Finds Bronze Age Shoe on a UK Riverbank Dated 2,800 Years Old! After a string of months where Commodus killed hundreds of animals in the arena, and a huge fire ravaged the city things got really bad. Unfortunately, the damage to Rome was already done. Unlike Commodus, Maximus isn't driven by a desire for power but by loyalty to "the true emperor" whom Commodus murdered and to his family. Condianus and Maximus were executed on the pretext that while they were not implicated in any plots, their wealth and talent would make them unhappy with the current state of affairs. Dissatisfaction with this state of affairs would lead to a series of conspiracies and attempted coups, which in turn eventually provoked Commodus to take charge of affairs, which he did in an increasingly dictatorial manner. Unlike Maximus, they all let him win, letting him injure them to a non-fatal degree and then conceding, per LA Times. Ultimately, it is believed that Commodus outlandish behavior led to his eventual assassination. He is viewed as having been an inept emperor, his megalomaniac tendencies leading to odd behaviors which frustrated and upset the Roman people. The Carnac stones are an exceptionally dense collection of megalithic sites around the French village of Carnac, in Brittany, consisting of more than 3,000 prehistoric standing stones and erected by the pre-Celtic people of Brittany. Available from: http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/128108/Commodus, Lucius Aurelius Commodus Roman-Empire. Cassius Dio recorded one incident where, after becoming tired out, Commodus ordered a cup of chilled wine to him and drank it at one gulp. In an amusing anecdote, Dio continued, At this both the populace and we senators all immediately shouted out the words so familiar at drinking-bouts, Long life to you!'. Under Commodus, Rome had descended from a kingdom of gold to one of iron and rust. Much like Nero had supposedly fiddled while Rome burned, Commodus enjoyed himself as the city decayed around him. One of the two praetorian prefects, Publius Tarrutenius Paternus, had actually been involved in the conspiracy but his involvement was not discovered until later on, and in the aftermath, he and his colleague, Sextus Tigidius Perennis, were able to arrange for the murder of Saoterus, the hated chamberlain. Record 10 significant and detailed observations about Rome that you noticed while watching the video. Ulpius Marcellus was replaced as governor of Britain by Pertinax; brought to Rome and tried for treason, Marcellus narrowly escaped death. The breaking point and Commodus' real death. Commodus's death is an example of how the film has historical references but often distorts them to create its narrative Gladiator's Commodus being less power-hungry than his historical counterpart refocuses the movie around Maximus' personal struggle rather than the wider Roman political landscape. Commodus had an elder twin brother, Titus Aurelius Fulvus Antoninus, who died in 165. [6][7] The latter died in 169 having failed to recover from an operation, which left Commodus as Marcus Aurelius's sole surviving son. As disgusted as the senators were by the sight of their emperor running around half-naked in the sands of the amphitheater, they were too terrified to do anything but play along. Sister of Trajan's father: Giacosa (1977), p.7. In the contest, Maximus is a victim of foul play as Commodus preemptively wounds him, then later produces a blade. Marcus Aurelius was the first emperor since Vespasian to have a legitimate biological son, though he himself was the fifth in the line of the so-called Five Good Emperors, also known as the Adoptive Emperors, each of whom had adopted his successor. The character is, however, portrayed fictionally in Gladiator, and. [19] His reduction of the denarius during his rule was the largest since the empire's first devaluation during Nero's reign. The 2000 film, directed by Ridley Scott, is steeped in the culture of ancient Rome. While fighting in the arena, opponents would submit to Commodus, as emperor, and their lives were spared. It appeared that he had no interest in being a leader, and only wanted to take advantage of his leadership powers to fulfill his own desires. Striking story! In 180 AD, Marcus Aurelius died, leaving Commodus as sole Emperor of Rome. Interestingly, it took Scott a while to realize that, like a sadistic emperor at a gladiatorial display, the ending demanded Maximus's death. Disappointment aside, Aurelius continued to promote Commodus through the ranks. To some, this was a sign that Commodus was not actually the biological child of Aurelius, and that his mother had conceived him while engaging in an affair. Gladiator is clearly influenced by aspects of history, but its specific storyline is definitively imaginative. The last Emperor and his mother were the final straw that finally broke the Empire, leaving the Eastern half of the Empire to continue almost another 1000 years until 1453 (although it reverted to Greek and became known as Byzantium thanks to Christianity). Husband of Ulpia Marciana: Levick (2014), p. 161. The activities which held Commodus attention and with which he spent his time were primarily surrounding gladiatorial combat. He would take to the arena and engage in combat, which the Romans viewed as being scandalous and disgraceful. Husband of Salonia Matidia: Levick (2014), p. 161. The movie doesn't answer this, and we never got to see "Gladiator 2." Commodus subsequently accompanied his father on a lengthy trip to the Eastern provinces, during which he visited Antioch. Meanwhile, Commodus was lapsing into insanity. Understanding the Mysterious Kingdom of Shambhala, The Irish Story and Legend of C Chulainn, Alleged Sighting of the Mythical Manananggal in the Philippines Causes Public Anxiety, Aluxes: The Mischievous Little People of Maya Mythology, The Truth Behind the Christ Myth: Ancient Origins of the Often Used Legend Part I, A Blazing Weapon: Unraveling the Mystery of Greek Fire, Medieval Hygiene Might Have Been Better Than You Think, New Evidence Shows Humans Were Using Bows and Arrows in 52,000 BC. Did you realise that "Gladiator" was a revamp of the 1960's movie "THE FALL OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE" starring Sir Alec Guiness, Sophia Loren, Christopher Plummer, Steven Boyd and Omar Sharif? Commodus orders 150 days of gladiatorial combat, ostensibly to commemorate his late father, while in reality attempting to distract the populace from the Senate's corruption and the rampant plague epidemics. Throughout his reign, Commodus entrusted the management of affairs to his palace chamberlain and praetorian prefects, named Saoterus, Perennis and Cleander. His brutal misrule precipitated civil strife that ended 84 years of stability and prosperity within the empire. [21], Priscus refused to accept their acclamations, and Perennis had all the legionary legates in Britain cashiered. They then returned to Rome in the autumn of 176. During his solo reign, the Roman Empire enjoyed reduced military conflict compared with the reign of Marcus Aurelius. Whatever its roots, the conspiracy failed and the incident aroused an insane paranoia in Commodus, who began seeing plots and treachery everywhere. The powerful ending of "Gladiator" makes it one of those movies guaranteed to make anyone cry, but it's also oddly satisfying. Commodus was also known for fighting exotic animals in the arena, often to the horror and disgust of the Roman populace. On December 31, 192, his advisers had him strangled by a champion wrestler, following his announcement the day before that he would assume the consulship, dressed as a gladiator. Archaeologists have been able to take a closer look at one of the United Kingdoms most famous shipwrecks. Are the Misty Peaks of the Azores Remnants of the Legendary Atlantis? Commodus lunged at the Senator. It was reputed in local legend to be the seat of the god Wotan and to be haunted. After those attempts on his life, Commodus spent much of his time outside Rome, mostly on the family estates at Lanuvium. Except where otherwise noted, the notes below indicate that an individual's parentage is as shown in the above family tree. Commodus would also slay exotic animals, such as lions, ostriches, hippos, elephants, and giraffes. But now, the people want to know how the story ends. As promised in another well-known speech, Maximus does indeed have his revenge on father-/emperor-/wife-/child-killer Commodus (Joaquin Phoenix). The gladiator who defied an emperor. Husband of Rupilia Faustina: Levick (2014), p. 163. It's a great story of revenge but the character of Maximus is entirely made up. While co-emperor, Commodus became the youngest consul up until that point in Roman history. He also had four surviving sisters, all of them with husbands who were potential rivals. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. Gladiator is somewhat historically accurate in its final scenes, as Commodus did perform as a gladiator. We will never see the like of the Roman Empire ever again. He gripped the iron bars in front of him and was pushed back by one of the guards. In November 192 he held the Plebian Games, in which he would use arrows and javelins to shoot hundreds of animals every morning, and then engaged in gladiator battles each afternoon. Conveniently, both of these goals are achieved by killing Commodus. Far from celebrating his descent from Marcus Aurelius, the actual source of his power, he stressed his own personal uniqueness as the bringer of a new order, seeking to re-cast the empire in his own image. Ridley Scott's Gladiator (2000) is a Roman historical epic, considered to be one of Scott's directorial movie masterpieces. It is of particular interest that Aurelius craved succession by one of his sons so much because there hadnt been an emperor who had been succeeded by his own son since Titus succeeded Vespasian in 79. The real Commodus was also taken out by a Senate plot, although less publicly: After a few unsuccessful attempts, he was strangled to death in his bathroom by a professional wrestler moonlighting as an assassin. Innumerable statues around the empire were set up portraying him in the guise of Hercules, reinforcing the image of him as a demigod, a physical giant, a protector, and a warrior who fought against men and beasts (see "Commodus and Hercules" and "Commodus the Gladiator" below). We'll explain. In December, he announced his intention to inaugurate the year 193 as both consul and gladiator on 1 January. But it didnt take long for him to delegate his leadership responsibilities to others so that he could engage in activities in which he enjoyed. His twin brother, Titus Aurelius Fulvus Antonius, died at age four. . He reduced the weight of the denarius from 96 per Roman pound to 105 per Roman pound (3.85grams to 3.35grams). Herodian's Roman History F.L. It seems likely that he was raised in an atmosphere of Stoic asceticism, which he rejected entirely upon his accession to sole rule. As a second attempt, the conspirators had Commodus wrestling partner, ironically named Narcissus, strangle Commodus in his bath. The ending, however sad to viewers, allows him to do that. The film is based on real historical events, but . His death in history marks the end of the Nerva-Antonine dynasty; in the movie, his death marks the retributive end of Maximus Gladiator story. Als besonders skandals empfand man die Beziehung zwischen Eppia, einer Frau aus reicher Familie, die Senatorengattin war, und dem Gladiator Sergiolus. He is based in the UK and studied English at Kings College London. The Untersberg is a great mountain straddling the Austro-German border opposite Salzburg. The emperor is dead, and it looks like Maximus' death might galvanize the already frustrated Senate to try to correct the damage Commodus inflicted during his rule. The Romans were outraged when Commodus would order wounded soldiers and amputees into the arena to be slayed. A work of history that reads like fiction, The Gladiator brings to life Spartacus, Commodus, Caligula, and all of the other memorable players of the nearly thousand-year-long gladiatorial era. Although he's very well written, Maximus is more of a plot device to allow the . Commodus was a greater curse to the Romans than any pestilence or any crime and the city had descended into bankruptcy and chaos. Suetonius a possible lover of Sabina: One interpretation of, Lover of Hadrian: Lambert (1984), p.99 and. Were theonlyPop Archaeology site combining scientific research with out-of-the-box perspectives. Ivar the Boneless: Viking Warrior, Ruler and Raider, What is Shambhala? 1. [40][41] For each appearance in the arena, he charged the city of Rome a million sesterces, straining the Roman economy. At the end of June, a mob demonstrated against Cleander during a horse race in the Circus Maximus: he sent the Praetorian Guard to put down the disturbances, but Pertinax, who was now City Prefect of Rome, dispatched the Vigiles Urbani to oppose them. Claudius M. Appius Atilius Bradua Regillus Atticus, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Commodus&oldid=1137878630, Commodus is a minor antagonist in the 2005 video game, Commodus appears as one of the antagonists in the popular young adult fiction novel series, dashed lines indicate adoption; dotted lines indicate love affairs/unmarried relationships, G. Alfldy, "Der Friedesschluss des Kaisers Commodus mit den Germanen,", P. A. Brunt, "The Fall of Perennis: Dio-Xiphilinus 79.9.2,", J. Gag, "La mystique imperiale et l'preuve des jeux. With each breathtaking scene, the complex culture of world that created and adored these bloody games between man and beast comes into clear focus. His victories were often welcomed by his bested opponents, as bearing scars dealt by the hand of an emperor was considered a mark of fortitude. Gracchus and Commodus stared evenly at eachother, with mutual hatred. Man in Peru Caught Out Drinking With an 800-year-old Mummy! So superlatively mad had the abandoned wretch become that he renamed Rome Colonia Commodiana (the Colony of Commodus) and changed the names of the months to each reflect one of the many epithets he had bestowed upon himself. His reign is commonly thought of as marking the end of a golden period of peace in the history of the Roman Empire, known as the Pax Romana. In the story of Gladiator, the Roman general Maximus is betrayed by the evil Emperor Commodus. It's ironic that we watched the film Gladiator the other night. Commodus, who is portrayed by Joaquin Phoenix, was indeed the son of Marcus Aurelius (Richard Harris) and an emperor of Rome. In the view of Dio Cassius, his accession marked the descent "from a kingdom of gold to one of iron and rust".[20]. "Commodus' progeny will rule Rome!" "Back!" yelled the Praetorian guard. During the preparations for the campaign against Cassius, Commodus assumed his toga virilis on the Danubian front on 7 July 175, thus formally entering adulthood. Despite the unfair circumstances, Maximus is victorious, killing Commodus with the very blade the emperor had concealed. AtAncient Origins, we believe that one of the most important fields of knowledge we can pursue as human beings is our beginnings. [44] Dio notes that the targeted senators actually found this more ridiculous than frightening, and chewed on laurel leaves to conceal their laughter. The megalomania of Commodus was not limited to the Colosseum. According to Aurelius, Commodus received his educational training with "an abundance of good masters.". But now, the people want to know how the story ends. All the months of the year were renamed to correspond exactly with his (now twelve) names: Lucius, Aelius, Aurelius, Commodus, Augustus, Herculeus, Romanus, Exsuperatorius, Amazonius, Invictus, Felix, and Pius. Man in Peru Caught out Drinking with an 800-year-old Mummy 's cousin Annia Fundania Faustina a., all of them with husbands who were potential rivals selber, um seine Sonderrolle unterstreichen. He also reduced the weight of the Roman nobility and the incident an! ), p.99 and reunite with his younger brother, Marcus Annius.! Out these interesting facts about ancient Rome surviving son age of 16 be haunted fictionally in Gladiator, Perennis! And a relative of Salvius Julianus, the ending, however, portrayed fictionally in Gladiator, dies! Through the ranks United Kingdoms most famous shipwrecks number of leading senators of events..., Lucius Aurelius Commodus Roman-Empire, representing Ambition and Envy his wake,... 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