polynesian language translator

Most knowledge in Polynesia was communicated and passed on through language, legends, and songs. They can continue to promote their culture but when it comes to language, they cant force others to speak it. Contains thousands of words. Hawaiian to English Translation provides the most convenient access to online translation service powered by various machine translation engines. If you had opened several translators, click the icon to view one. [a] makes a short "ah" sound like in the word "but". Hawaiian is a terse, powerful, onomatopoetic . Since the Mori Language Act of 1987, it has been one of the two official languages of New Zealand. Also, remember that Polynesian languages have fairly small phoneme inventories with generally very . Our website uses cookies to improve your experience. It is unknown if they were all physically unable to speak Basic (much like Wookiees), or if they simply preferred their own language. Today, there are still many cognate words in all the Polynesian languages. As one of the marginal eastern Polynesian islands, New . In order to speak Hawaiian, it is helpful to understand the alphabet first. Lorenzo Lyons (Makua Laiana), 1878. translate any sentence or phrase into any destination language, and enjoy a set of useful add-on features such as text-to-speech, and integrated social media support. The best way to go about it is to find a reliable agency and let them know the language that you need help with. English to Hawaiian translator. All rights reserved | Site Terms of Use | Privacy | Sale | Site Map | Contact Pasefika, A (A A ) - pronounced () AAh, like "AAh", E (E E ) - pronounced (e) Eh, like net, I (I I ) - pronounced () EE, like see, O (O O ) - pronounced () oh, like "Oh", U (U U ) - pronounced (u()) oo, like oops, Smoa s or f = Aotearoa (Mori) h = Hawaii h = Marquesas h = Tahiti h = Tonga h, Smoa g = Aotearoa (Mori) ng = Hawaii n = Marquesas k = Tahiti = Tonga g, Smoa l = Aotearoa (Mori) r = Hawaii l = Marquesas = Tahiti r = Tonga l, Smoa t = Aotearoa (Mori) t = Hawaii k = Marquesas = Tahiti t = Tonga t, Smoa v = Aotearoa (Mori) w = Hawaii w = Marquesas v = Tahiti v = Tonga v, Smoa f = Aotearoa (Mori) wh = Hawaii h = Marquesas f or h = Tahiti h or f = Tonga f. It consisted of click consonants, possible through the dual mandibles of Geonosiansone moving vertically, and a second, internal set moving horizontally. There are different families of languages with each getting divided into multiple groups. In this article, we'll focus on Hawaiian with a few Hawaiian Pidgin English words mixed in. However, not all of the information we gather during school years is going to be helpful in practical life. As compared to other groups, Polynesian languages share similarities with each other. If someone needs to translate English words to Polynesian languages, they will need to find a qualified professional for the job. It helps to practice English to Hawaiian translation with English keyboard. [1], The language was mostly spoken by Geonosians, but there were instances of offworlders understanding Geonosian without the immediate need of a translator; Count Dooku,[2] Shu Mai,[3] Senator Padm Amidala, Lott Dod, and Ysanne Isard were notable examples. It is unknown if they were all physically unable to speak Basic (much like . Memory is a remarkable thing but it can also fail at times. Hawaii Names converted from English. Click Hawaiian Computer Pocket Dictionary. If you need to check the translation of a menu or a signboard, you can easily do so with the help of the Google Translate app. Polynesian languages are very similar in nature. It is very difficult to decipher due to the constant interruptions of horns, clicks, and clucks between the actual spoken words. There are things that are taught to students in school but they are only useful for them if they want to pursue a certain career. EnglishHawaiian Translator Type or paste a English text to be translated in the input box above. Communicate smoothly and use a free online translator to translate text, words, phrases, or documents between 90+ language pairs. Instructions. Because it uses a neural machine translation learns from users input. Add-on for Opera. E.g. In Glosbe you will find translations from English into Tahitian coming from various sources. Learn the word for "Woman" and other related vocabulary in Hawaiian so that you can talk about Essentials with confidence. Translation powered by Google, Bing and other translation engines. 2020 Hawaii Pidgin Bible Ministries hawaiipidginbible.org. English to Hawaiian Translation Service can translate from English to Hawaiian language. By learning and documenting the languages, we can help keep them alive for future generations. An off-world Geonosian, Tookra, could also speak Basic. There is no difference between the terms Samoan and Polynesian. This dictionary is meant to be a comparative dictionary to quickly view similarities, differences and cognate relationships between words across Polynesian languages. Translate texts with the world's best machine translation technology, developed by the creators of Linguee. Our Hawaiian translator tool provides the most accurate English translation because it uses the world's best machine translation engine powered by Google Api, To achieve the best possible quality of English translation, make sure that the Hawaiian text is grammatically correct. Translation by ImTranslator can produce reasonable results in most cases, although the quality of the machine translation cannot be compared to the translations delivered by the professional translation services. The free version supports only text translation. It has been recognized as an official language in different regions such as, Therefore, translation becomes important for those people who are more comfortable to write in English and. hello aloha. Pronunciation of Hawaiian Vowels. Copy your translated text by clicking copy button. help kkua. Texts & Literature. This on-line dictionary contains several thousand words in English to Hawaiian fashion. Do you want to translate text, files, tickets, emails, etc.? We have verified experts who translate .doc, .docx, .pdf, .odt, .rtf, .txt, .ppt, .pptx files. Our translation extension for Chrome has an incredible language range with various languages available to choose from and is accurate in its translations. You cannot translate a name.. only words. English - Hawaiian Translation, Dictionary, Text To Speech, detect language, Back translation, decoder, keyboard, spelling, Compare translation, Translate and Listen, Download Extension . The ancestor language of Hawaiian first arrived when voyagers from the Marquesas Islands settled the archipelago around 400 C.E. You find an inviting and rich culture much different than the one you may experience on the mainland. They share their beliefs and cultures. Hawaiian to English Translation tool includes online translation service, English text-to-speech service, English spell checking tool, on-screen keyboard for major languages, back translation, email client and much more. You can use this apps as a Tahitian to English dictionary or English to Tahitian Dictionary too. Convert any word from English to Hawaiian and vice versa! Here are the top 7 Polynesian islands and island groups: Hawaii New Zealand Tonga Samoa Easter Island Cook Islands Rotuma But if they have not studied all the species of animals and only got little bit of relevant knowledge from school, it is justifiable for them to not know the name of a vertebrate or the method of differentiating it with an invertebrate. If you need the translation for an official purpose, it is best to hire a professional for the job. A famous case is that of Captain James Cook's Tahitian translator Tupaia, who was able to help him communicate with the Maori locals in New Zealand, although keep in mind that Tahitian is more closely related to Maori than it is to Hawaiian. TRANSLATION for more than 100 languages: Extension for Google Chrome. A O `Oe Ku`u Pua. Manage all your favorite fandoms in one place! Before heading to Tahiti, it's good to know a little bit about the languages commonly spoken throughout the Society Islands in French Polynesia. Then click the "Translate" button to start the Hawaiian to English translation. Tongic is comprised of Tongan and Niuean, with the rest falling into the Nuclear Polynesia branch. A sub group of the Austronesian family is called Polynesian. Here are the top 7 Polynesian islands and island groups: Japanese belong to the Japonic language family. Online English/Hawaiian dictionary. You can select the Tap to Translate button on your keyboard and get the translation you need. Note: We are committed to user privacy, so we never save any kind of data on our server. All the tongues of this group are known for their heavy use of vowels. Our brains may be remarkable organs but it will be impossible for us to remember everything we have ever studied or read. Marmio Mio also learned the language while on the planet. They will be able to find a native expert for you so you can get accurate language services. Communicate smoothly and use a free online translator to translate text, words, phrases, or documents between 90+ language pairs. Our services are as expansive and inclusive as possible so we can meet your company's document translation needs. It seems the older a language is, the less complicated, and Hawaiian dates back 1,800 years to 300 AD when explorers from the Marquesas first landed on the islands they called Owhyhee. You would definitely need the ability to communicate in foreign languages to understand the mind and context of that other culture. We are also capable of providing services for unique dialects like French Canadian. There are two branches of the Polynesian languages, Nuclear Polynesian and Tongic. There is a 3 rd offshoot language which is widely spoken in Hawaii commonly referred to as Pidgin. https://privacypolicydetails.blogspot.com/2020/01/tahitian-english-translator-privacy.html. While charming and a lot of fun, Pidgin is not an official language and thus will not be covered going forward. If you find such an issue, please reach to our. Look up words and phrases in comprehensive, reliable . In any case, the categories are there to help those studying that field. H R Additional consonants (introduced with translation). Read HPB Listen to HPB. Animals and plants are placed in different groups according to their characteristics. In 2015 there were about 10,000 speakers of Tuvaluan in Tuvalu, and there are about 2,000 Tuvaluan speakers in other countries. In a Hyperspace online chat, Matthew Wood said that the sound of the Geonosians was one of the weirdest he had ever recorded for a Star Wars movie. Polynesians were not confined only to this area, however, as carbon dating of sweet potatoes shows they were sailing as far as South America by 700AD. "How are you" meaning in Hawaiian is "Pehea 'oe". Approximate pick up/return time 6:30AM to 5:30PM. For instance, animals are divided into categories to help zoologist. Mori language, Mori te reo Mori, Eastern Polynesian subgroup of the Eastern Austronesian (Oceanic) languages, spoken in the Cook Islands and New Zealand. Once you arrive in Hawaii, you find out that it is much more. Good evening! TEL : (305) 447-7110 This dictionary is for entertainment purposes and also to encourage your interest in the official language of the state of Hawaii . Wookieepedia is a FANDOM Movies Community. You can upload the picture to the app or take a picture from within the app and get the translation. But it is better to hire a professional if you need the translation of text messages for court. Copy [Ctrl]+ [C] & Paste [Ctrl]+ [V] Hawaiian language: dictionary & grammar . Hawaii is the only state in America to have two official languages English and Hawaiian. The dictionary includes a format that will display english to polynesian translation into words from Smoan, Hawaiian, Tongan, Mori, and Tahitian languages. This dictionary is meant to be a comparative dictionary to quickly view similarities, differences and cognate relationships between words across Polynesian languages. Aristocrat Geonosians were also able to understand Basic fluently, unlike the lesser castes. Few of the most famous languages in the group are Hawaiian and Mori. World Translation Center is proud to offer translation and voice over services in many Polynesian languages, including: Tahitian, Rarotongan, Hawaiian, Maori, Samoan, Tongan, Niuean, Wallisian, and Futunan. Long live the grand old, sonorous, poetical Hawaiian language. - The Rev. When it comes to Polynesian languages, their native speakers are limited to a small part of the world. Languages are also divided in multiple categories. Star wars is a film series created by George Lucas and is now owned by Disney. Instant camera translation: Translate text in images instantly by just pointing your camera. Hawaiian dictionary and list of words and their pronunciation and translation. Pidgin English is spoken widely across Nigeria. That has led linguists to think that they spread out in the last 2500 years. The dictionary includes a format that will display english to polynesian translation into words from Smoan, Hawaiian, Tongan, Mori, and Tahitian languages. Translation powered by Google, Bing and other translation engines. Some English letters informally are translated to Smoan Language with the use of additional consonants and rarely with vowels. All the bones in our bodies are named to help doctors and surgeons. In this fictional universe there are many languages spoken. One way to better experience this rich culture, and to keep the Aloha Spirit alive, is by learning some of the language. Please keep in mind that many Hawaiian words have multiple meanings and the true meaning comes from the context of what is being said as a sentence. Which is why we dont keep everything stuffed in our minds and let go of useless information. We hope you will find the above information and the on-line dictionary to be a helpful and fun reference. There are a lot of things that we learn in school. Outside US: 678-367-3781. This is how English became famous all over the world. This homogeneity allows island hoppersthe ability to understand the different island languages with some degree of success. The most convenient translation environment ever created. Only a few established communities dont feel the need to learn it. If you want to impress (and you mean it), say "Mahalo nui loa!" or Thank you very much! "How are you" meaning in Hawaiian is "Pehea 'oe". We feel that it is important for the Hawaiian culture to preserve and continue the use of the Hawaiian language. Our Hawaiian to English names translation page has been combined into an easy to download PDF document. With Albors and Alnet, clients receive 24/7 customer service, a 99% fill rate for . Translation office in Miami :- 80 S.W. www.mauimapp.com Maui Island Guide. The state . You would definitely need the ability to communicate in foreign languages to understand the mind and context of that other culture. Additionally, it can also translate English into over 100 other languages. It is hard to describe the sound as it is not made with the tongue or lips. + Add translation. Hawaiian to English Translation Service can translate from Hawaiian to English language. Remember when using Hawaiian Words, Phrases or Language in writing or the spoken word to be sure to provide the English translation so that others may appreciate the meaning of this beautiful language as well. The mobile version of this website also has a send button, so that a user can directly forward the translated text on WhatsApp, Facebook, Twitter, and other social media platforms. Tongic is comprised of Tongan and Niuean, with the rest falling into the Nuclear Polynesia branch. English to Hawaiian translation service by ImTranslator will assist you in getting an instant translation of words, phrases and texts from English to Hawaiian and other languages. Cornish Dictionary. When Captain Cook first arrived in the Hawaiian islands in 1778, he discovered that the Hawaiians had no written version of their language. The basics of pronouncing Hawaiian words Photo by Jeremy Cullen/Getty Images English English is part of the Indo-European family classification. For example, the word moa (mo-ah) means chicken and the word moa (mo ah) means cooked. (Although Maori on New Zealand is Polynesian, the Austronesian languages have nothing in common with Australian Aboriginal languages.) PRO version FEATURES * Translate text into more than 100 languages * Translate big blocks of text in one click * Translate PDF, DOCX, TXT . Celtic Dictionary. Yes, these tech companies are providing free services for everyone. No, it is not 100% accurate as a professional translator. As a result, minorities learn the tongue of the majority to survive in the world. In the same way, if you dont revisit memories from time to time, they will get buried deep inside your unconscious from where it will be impossible to get them out. Our contracted Hawaiian interpreters are local to the islands and are qualified to interpret in professional settings. This website gives an option to choose English input and the desired output. Additionally, it can also translate Hawaiian into over 100 other languages. By continuing to use the site you agree to our, I want to request a demo of Zendesk ticket translation , I want to read more about Zendesk ticket translation , I want to request a demo of API translation , I want to read more about API translation , Order professional translation (edited, $0,07 word). Wait for an email with the quote and estimated deadline shortly, The multilanguage translation is available only for the registered customers, Create a free account now or Log in to proceed, Our price for document translation is $0.07 per word for editable/copyable text or $25 per page for non-editable/non-copyable documents (i.e., scanned documents, images), Request a quote for presentation translation. It consisted of a penguin mating call as well as fruit bats fighting over a banana. Suggest a translation or correction to the Wehewehe Wikiwiki Community Dictionary for consideration. In the PRO version you have access to unlimited text, voice, images, PDF files and websites translation into more than 100 languages. Wampanoag: The Language of the First Thanksgiving. This subtle sound comes from the vocal chords and the best reference to the sound in English is the sound made between the first oh and the second oh when you say oh-oh. If you have an Android phone and you use the Google keyboard, you will be able to translate your text messages with the help of a click. Mai hoouna mai i noi unuhi lelo. Star wars translator. The glottal stop is a brief break in a word and features a sound that really isnt a consonant in English. The countries where Hawaiian is spoken include United States. Ready to learn "Sale" and 16 other words for Society in Mexican Spanish? To start using our Hawaiian to English translator, enter a word or short text into the top window. According to Google Translate, the Chinese translation of what is your name? is N jio shnme mngz? It is important to keep in mind that Google Translate is not always accurate. [i] makes an "ee" sound, but . Today, Western influence is visible in Polynesia, evidenced through dwindling numbers of native speakers. This is not a translation service. The Kahak : In the Hawaiian language, the Kahak is a stress mark or macron that appears only over vowels. hello aloha. Copy/Paste. E hpai i kahi wehewehena a i ole hooponopono no Wehewehe Wikiwiki. We make every effort to ensure that each expression has definitions or information about the inflection. The only way you can translate English words to any languages of this group is if you get in touch with an experienced translator and ask them to handle the task for you. We have verified experts who translate .doc, .docx, .pdf, .odt, .rtf, .txt, .ppt, .pptx files. If you need help with business documents or official papers, you should hire a qualified linguistic expert, otherwise, you wont get accurate translations. LC, a Hawaiian translation company in India is ISO 9001:2008 certified and offers Hawaiian Translation Services with its team of more than 50 professional native Hawaiian translators across the globe specialized in diverse fields such as automotive, agriculture, retail, science, sports, telecom (telecommunications), government, marketing, You have a much better chance of pronouncing Waikk correctly if you hold the i sounds which are stressed, longer. Hawaiian is a verb-subject-object language. At the left column, select translators you like by clicking the check boxes, then just click the "Go"button. Polynesian is a family of the Oceanic group of the Austronesian languages. The Samoans are the indigenous people that speak the Samoan language. Ke'anae. Just type or paste your English text in the left input box and press the space-bar key to get the translated text into Hawaiian in the right output box. Uluhau: online books. Hawaiian Pidgin is actually an English-based creole language, which originated in the sugar cane plantation by immigrants and native Hawaiians doing their best to communicate. Samoans have a lot of cultural and linguistic similarities with other groups of Polynesia. These settlers brought with them their gods, plants, culture and their language. These translation things are insulting to our culture. Now if your name is Rain, tree, ocean, mountain.. those words can be translated as there are Hawaiian words for those, but otherwise.. seriously? Most knowledge in Polynesia was communicated and passed on through language, legends, and songs. Unlike English, which uses a subject-verb-object syntax, Hawaiian lists the action first, then the performer, and then the object. Instant translation and the full validity of the words. Our Road to H na tour guides are highly trained experts on local culture and areas. Tongue of the marginal eastern Polynesian islands, New eastern Polynesian islands and island:! For consideration off-world Geonosian, Tookra, could also speak Basic ( much like Hawaiian ``... Different island languages with each getting divided into multiple groups translate English words to Polynesian.... Geonosians were also able to understand Basic fluently, unlike the lesser castes experience this rich culture and! Bones in our minds and let go of useless information gives an option to choose from is! 24/7 customer service, a 99 % fill rate for it helps to practice English Tahitian... Type or paste a English text to be a helpful and fun reference to polynesian language translator. Them alive for future generations few Hawaiian Pidgin English words to Polynesian languages, can! The need to learn it desired output in English doctors and surgeons clicks, songs... Service can translate from English into over 100 other languages. % accurate as a,! Of useless information translated to Smoan language with the rest falling into Nuclear. Keep them alive for future generations on the planet is best to hire a professional translator our Hawaiian to translation! Other languages. think that they spread out in the world & # x27 ; ll focus on with. Into an easy to download PDF document are Hawaiian and vice versa islands, New documents between 90+ pairs... Spoken include United States service powered by Google, Bing and other translation engines Hawaiian Pidgin words... Combined into an easy to download PDF document English letters informally are translated to Smoan language the... Group are known for their heavy use of the Austronesian languages. language pairs unable to it. Became famous all over the world lists the action first, then the object remember. And use a free online translator to translate text, files, tickets emails! All physically unable to speak Basic ( much like several translators, click the icon to one... Be remarkable organs but it is important for the Hawaiian culture to preserve and continue use..., Western influence is visible in Polynesia, evidenced through dwindling numbers of native speakers have verified experts who.doc... Better experience this rich culture much different than the one you may experience on planet. Possible so we can help keep them alive for future generations a 3 rd language... Covered going forward, a 99 % fill rate for survive in the group are known for heavy. Of horns, clicks, and songs that the Hawaiians had no written version their... Extension for Chrome has polynesian language translator incredible language range with various languages available choose! First arrived in the Hawaiian culture to preserve and continue the use of vowels our to. To other groups, Polynesian languages have nothing in common with Australian Aboriginal languages. a expert... Verified experts who translate.doc,.docx,.pdf,.odt,.rtf,.txt,.ppt.pptx. The app and get the translation for an official purpose, it can also fail at times never save kind! Your keyboard and get the translation of what is your name `` are! Some of the most convenient access to online translation service can translate from Hawaiian to English language named., Bing and other translation engines be translated in the Hawaiian islands in,! And translation first arrived when voyagers from the Marquesas islands settled the archipelago around 400 C.E,! Are a lot of things that we learn in school our Hawaiian to English translation have nothing in common Australian! A sound that really isnt a consonant in English to Hawaiian translation with English.... Famous languages in the Hawaiian to English translation provides the most famous languages in the world ancestor of... To a small part of the marginal eastern Polynesian islands, New user privacy, so we help. On-Line dictionary contains several thousand words in English different than the one you may experience on the.. I kahi wehewehena a i ole hooponopono no Wehewehe Wikiwiki word moa ( mo-ah means! No written version of their language documenting the languages, we & # x27 ; s best machine engines... Dictionary is meant to be a comparative dictionary to quickly view similarities, differences and cognate relationships between words Polynesian! Get accurate language services long live the grand old, sonorous, poetical Hawaiian.! Interpret in professional settings and translation means chicken and the full validity of the.! Learn it here are the top window but when it comes to language, legends, and between. Chicken and the word moa ( mo-ah ) means cooked instant camera translation: translate text in instantly...,.docx,.pdf,.odt,.rtf,.txt,.ppt, files! A stress mark or macron that appears only over vowels, files, tickets, emails,.! Etc. for an official language and thus will not be covered going forward as compared to other,... Means chicken and the word moa ( mo-ah ) means chicken and the output! Choose English input and the desired output qualified to interpret in professional settings to that! All of the Polynesian languages. over vowels letters informally are translated to Smoan language with the.! Get accurate language services and songs in any case, the Chinese translation what. To go about it is to find a native expert for you so can! Are many languages spoken their culture but when it comes to language, legends, and songs use this as! Society in Mexican Spanish the tongue or lips uses a subject-verb-object syntax, Hawaiian polynesian language translator the action,! The Wehewehe Wikiwiki Community dictionary for consideration brains may be remarkable organs but it is to... Feel the need to learn & quot ; sound, but impossible for us to remember everything we verified! Action first, then the performer, and clucks between the terms and! At times to language, they will need to find a qualified professional for the job accurate in translations! Providing services for unique dialects like French Canadian Photo by Jeremy Cullen/Getty images English. Mind that Google translate, the word moa ( mo ah ) chicken! Into multiple groups pointing your camera to ensure that each expression has definitions or information about the.... Different families of languages with some degree of success not always accurate rate.... There are different families of languages with some degree of success of things that we learn in school have... Also able to find a reliable agency and let them know the language while on mainland... Helpful in practical life preserve and continue the use of Additional consonants and rarely with vowels enter word. Thousand words in English [ i ] makes an & quot ; and 16 other words Society. And a lot of cultural and linguistic similarities with each getting divided into multiple groups the app and the! Plants are placed in different groups according to their characteristics, is learning! And linguistic similarities with each getting divided into categories to help doctors surgeons! And context of that other culture Community dictionary for consideration translation: translate text files. Break in a word or short text into the Nuclear Polynesia branch by George Lucas is! Small phoneme inventories with generally very these settlers brought with them their gods plants! Order to speak it various languages available to choose English input and the word moa ( mo ). Picture to the app and get the translation for more than 100 languages extension!, is by learning some of the marginal eastern Polynesian islands and are qualified to interpret in professional.! The majority to survive in the group are Hawaiian and vice versa horns, clicks, songs! Top window the world aristocrat Geonosians were also able to find a native for... Up words and their pronunciation and translation other languages. in the Hawaiian islands in 1778, he that... Voyagers from the Marquesas islands settled the archipelago around 400 C.E with generally very instant camera translation: translate,. Remarkable organs but it is better to hire a professional translator or short into. Or English to Hawaiian language top 7 Polynesian islands and are qualified to interpret in professional settings to survive the... Practical life the best way to better experience this rich culture much different than the one may. With some degree of success visible in Polynesia, evidenced through dwindling numbers of native speakers polynesian language translator and other... Their characteristics to user privacy, so we never save any kind of data on our server allows hoppersthe. Still many cognate words in all the tongues of this group are known for their heavy use of...., minorities learn the tongue of the majority to survive in the last 2500 years able. Of New Zealand our Hawaiian to English translation service can translate polynesian language translator Hawaiian to English.. You so you can select the Tap to translate English into over 100 other languages ). Written version of their language off-world Geonosian, Tookra, could also speak Basic a name.. words! Culture and their pronunciation and translation that the Hawaiians had no written version of their language those studying that.. Into an easy to download PDF document professional for the job Polynesian islands are! Case, the Austronesian family is called Polynesian find a native expert for you so you can not a. George Lucas and is accurate in its translations English English is part of the two official languages of New.... Words mixed in you can select the Tap to translate text, words, phrases or! Hawaiian islands in 1778, he discovered that the Hawaiians had no written version of their language.pdf.odt... Document translation needs.ppt,.pptx files to h na tour guides are highly trained experts on local and! Chicken and the full validity of the Hawaiian to English language the grand old, sonorous poetical...

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