(b) However, this subsection does not make admissible: 1. Rule 803 of the Federal Rules of Evidence provides numerous exceptions to the hearsay rule. (4) The statement was made under circumstances that would indicate its trustworthiness. ((a) Except as otherwise provided in subdivision (b), unavailable as a witness means that the declarant is any of the following: (1) Exempted or precluded on the ground of privilege from testifying concerning the matter to which his or her statement is relevant. Code 1226], Wrongful Death Evidence of a statement by the deceased is not made inadmissible by the hearsay rule if offered against the plaintiff in an action for wrongful death brought under Section 377 of the Code of Civil Procedure. Each of the rules is subject to different conditions regarding declarant availability and sometimes other conditions, as well. (3) The child either: (A) Testifies at the proceedings. The statement describes child abuse or neglect performed against this child, The court conducts a separate hearing without the jury present and determines that the statement seems to be reliable, and. Prove the declarant's state of mind, emotion, or physical sensation at that time or at any other time when such state is an issue in the action. (1) The evidence is offered to prove the declarant's state of mind, emotion, or physical sensation at that time or at any other time when it is itself an issue in the action; or (2) The evidence is offered to prove or explain acts or conduct of the declarant. Evidence Code 1200 The hearsay rule general provisions. The witness was given an opportunity to explain or deny the inconsistent statement while testifying, or. 803. ADMISSIBILITY LIMITED BY CONFRONTATION CLAUSE (CRAWFORD) docx: 8.03 . Sacramento, CA 95825, 4600 Northgate Blvd. This testimony is hearsay, but it is admissible as evidence of Freds general reputation in his community. Code 1240], Contemporaneous Statement Evidence of a statement is not made inadmissible by the hearsay rule if the statement: (a)Is offered to explain, qualify, or make understandable conduct of the declarant; and (b)Was made while the declarant was engaged in such conduct. U.S. Constitution, amend. Cassie has since died and cannot testify about the content of those records. (2) The declarant is unavailable as a witness pursuant to Section 240. (b) The writing may be read into evidence, but the writing itself may not be received in evidence unless offered by an adverse party.), Evidence Code 1238 Prior identification. Certain hearsay statements made by children are admissible in spite of the hearsay rule. If the prosecution intends to offer a statement of the complaining witness pursuant to this section, the prosecution shall serve a written notice upon the defendant at least 10 days prior to the hearing or trial at which the prosecution intends to offer the statement. However, there are some hearsay exceptions that may permit the hearsay evidence to be admitted. Evid. Example: Tom is on trial for California DUI. The past recollection recorded exception to the hearsay rule allows the admission of evidence of a statement previously made by a witness (out of court) if all of the following are true: A similar hearsay exception exists for prior eyewitness identifications by a witness. (1)The evidence is offered to prove the declarants state of mind, emotion, or physical sensation at that time or at any other time when it is itself an issue in the action; or. (Unless the interests of justice otherwise require, extrinsic evidence of a statement made by a witness that is inconsistent with any part of his testimony at the hearing shall be excluded unless: (a) The witness was so examined while testifying as to give him an opportunity to explain or to deny the statement; or (b) The witness has not been excused from giving further testimony in the action.), Evidence Code 1236 Prior consistent statements. (ii) by some other person for the purpose of recording the witness statement at the time it was made; (3)Is offered after the witness testifies that the statement he made was a true statement of such fact; and. Evid. For example, a police officer's state of mind is seldom . Prove or explain acts or conduct of the speaker. Evidence Code 1320 Reputation concerning community history [hearsay exception], endnote 17, above. The prosecution calls Maria as a witness. Excited Utterance. He is accused of beating Eduardo. In cases involving child abuse or child neglect (as well as cases involving sex crimes against children), there are two separate hearsay exceptions. 649, 362 P.2d 473], this court delineated the principal requirements which must be satisfied before the state-of-mind exception to the hearsay rule can be invoked. Tanya testifies that Raymond told her one night, when he was drunk, that he did commit the robbery. Evid. For the most part, these exceptions exist to allow the admissibility of statements that are considered to be relatively reliableeven though they were not made under oath at a trial.31, Evidence Code 1220 EC makes an exception to the hearsay rule for statements that are made by a party to litigation (for example, a criminal defendant) when those statements are offered against him/her.32. existing state of mind may constitute evidence of a declaration of plan, reason, motive, design and intent of subsequent conduct. Evid. Please complete the form below and we will contact you momentarily. [Cal. Hearsay is any statement made by the declarant at a time or place other than while he or she is testifying at the trial or hearing that is offered to prove the truth of the matter asserted. This section applies only to a statement made by a victim who is a minor at the time of the proceedings, provided the statement was made when the victim was under the age of 12 describing any act, or attempted act, of child abuse or neglect. State of Mind [Cal. Therefore, such statements are acceptable evidence under the California Evidence Code.26. (e) The minor child is found to be unavailable pursuant to paragraph (2) or (3) of subdivision (a) of Section 240 or refuses to testify. Shouse Law Group has helped many citizens get charges reduced or dismissed, and keep their records clean. tions which are normally allowed in evidence under an exception to the hearsay rule. Criminal Defense Evidence Code Evidence Code 1200 - The Hearsay Rule. Evid. In this situation, the out-of-court statement would be admissible and not considered hearsay. Evid. [3a] "Undoubtedly, in a proper case, and in a proper manner, testimony as to the 'state of mind' of the declarant, where there is . However, they also must be unavailable to testify for this exception to apply.34, Evidence Code 1235 EC makes an exception to the hearsay rule for evidence of out-of-court statements made by a witness that are inconsistent with his/her testimony in the case.35, However, even these inconsistent statements usually can only be admitted as evidence if. Terrys testimony is hearsay evidence, and it is not admissible. Because the state of mind of Netscape's customers is relevant to Plaintiffs' Section 1 and Section 2 claims, the paragraphs at issue fall within the state of mind exception to the hearsay rule and should be admitted for the limited purpose of showing the customer's state of mind. II. The California Evidence Code sets out a long list of exceptions to the hearsay rule. Suite 210 US v. Oates (In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the state and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the assistance of counsel for his defense.). A statement of a memory or past belief is inadmissible hearsay when used to prove the fact remembered or believed, unless the statement relates to the validity or terms of the declarant's will. show the state of mind of the child declarant. (5) The statement is relevant to the issues to be tried. 803(4). Prior inconsistent statements or prior consistent statements, 2.3. Are made while the speaker is engaged in that behavior. Statements . 22-23.) (b) This section does not make admissible evidence of a statement of memory or belief to prove the fact remembered or believed.)Evidence Code 1251 Statement of declarants previously existing mental or physical state. Code 1280], Absence of Official Records Evidence of a writing made by the public employee who is the official custodian of the records in a public office, reciting diligent search and failure to find a record, is not made inadmissible by the hearsay rule when offered to prove the absence of a record in that office [Cal. Prev Next What are the hearsay exceptions in California? denied, 116 Evidence Code 1271 Admissible writings [hearsay exception], endnote 15, above. Co. (1975) 50 Cal.App.3d 608], Family History Statement [Cal. (b) Except as provided by law, hearsay evidence is inadmissible. Code 1282, 1283], A written finding of presumed death made by an employee of the United States authorized to make such finding pursuant to the Federal Missing Persons Act (56 Stats. (c) The sources of information and method and time of preparation were such as to indicate its trustworthiness.), Evidence Code 1291 Former testimony offered against party to former proceeding. In response, Plaintiff argues that the testimony is not hearsay, and in the alternative, Plaintiff contends, in a roundabout way, that if it is hearsay then the "frame of mind . According to Riverside criminal defense lawyer Michael Scafiddi29: Understanding why we have the hearsay rule can also help you understand how it works. 1143 (2011).! Code 1230); or prior inconsistent statements (Evid. Doochack v. Hobbs, No. Code 1341], Corroborative Evidence [PG&E v. G.W. NRS 51.105 Then existing mental, emotional or physical condition. Evidence Code 770 Evidence of inconsistent statement of witness; exclusion; exceptions. Evidence Code 1380 Elder and dependent adults; statements by victims of abuse [exception to the hearsay rule], endnote 20, above. (a) The declarant is unavailable as a witness; and (b) The evidence is offered to prove such prior state of mind, emotion, or physical sensation when it is itself an issue in the action and the evidence is not offered to prove any fact other than such state of mind, emotion, or physical sensation. against the admission of hearsay for the records deemed prima facie evidence of their contents. In Rowe, the court stated there was an inherent unreliability in admitting testimony of one person's state of mind in order to gain insight into another person's . For the state of mind exception it is being offered to prove the truth of the assertion, but since that assertion also reveals the declarant'a state of mind it is an exception to the hearsay ban. Out-of-court statements in cases involving sex crimes against childrensuch as Penal Code 261 PC rape of a child, Penal Code 285 PC incest against a child, and Penal Code 288 PC lewd acts with a childare . Code 1241], Dying Declaration Evidence of a statement made by a dying person respecting the cause and circumstances of his death is not made inadmissible by the hearsay rule if the statement was made upon his personal knowledge and under a sense of immediately impending death. 46. Code 1230], Prior Inconsistent Statement Evidence of a statement made by a witness is not made inadmissible by the hearsay rule if the statement is inconsistent with his testimony at the hearing and is offered in compliance with Section 770. The prosecution calls as a witness Terry, a woman who lives in Shanes dorm. A criminal record can affect job, immigration, licensing and even housing opportunities. ; 50 U.S.C. Evid. (Evidence of a writing made as a record of an act, condition, or event is not made inadmissible by the hearsay rule when offered in any civil or criminal proceeding to prove the act, condition, or event if all of the following applies: (a) The writing was made by and within the scope of duty of a public employee. People v. Munoz, Ill.App.3d 455 (1. st. Dist. Evid. John testifies that Shelley asked him whether he could help her get a gun. Florida Statute 90.803(3)(a) provides the following hearsay exception: (Evidence of a statement made by a dying person respecting the cause and circumstances of his death is not made inadmissible by the hearsay rule if the statement was made upon his personal knowledge and under a sense of immediately impending death.), Evidence Code 1250 Statement of declarants then existing mental or physical state. E.g., KWPlastics v. US. Code 1320], Public Interest in Property [Cal. [. Brendas defense lawyer then explains that, since Luke was drunk that night, his eyewitness identification of Brenda as the arsonist is not reliable. Similarly, certain written records kept by government employees are admissible even if the employee who made them cannot testify about their content (and thus they are hearsay), as long as they were made in a way that indicates they are reliable.51, Under Evidence Code 1291 EC, testimony given under oath in a different legal proceeding is also admissible, despite the hearsay rule, if the person who gave the testimony is unavailable as a witness in this proceeding, and EITHER, Other hearsay exceptions are available for. Evid. This does not include a statement of memory or belief to (3) Whether the statement is corroborated by evidence other than statements that are admissible only pursuant to this section. Thus, Shelleys question about the gun is admissible evidence under Evidence Code 1200 EC.27. Past recollection recorded; prior identification, 2.4. 2d 881, 893 [13 Cal. If one side offers a statement that is not made by a witness at the trialand asserts that that statement is truethen the other side will not have the opportunity to cross-examine that witness to prove that the statement is not true. Code 1238], Spontaneous Statement Evidence of a statement is not made inadmissible by the hearsay rule if the statement: (a)Purports to narrate, describe, or explain an act, condition, or event perceived by the declarant; and (b)Was made spontaneously while the declarant was under the stress of excitement caused by such perception. Sex crimes against children. If the statement is offered during trial, the courts determination shall be made out of the presence of the jury. 80, 83-84, 1 P.3d 1058 (2000) (trial court erred in excluding as hearsay witness's out-of-court statement offered to prove the effect on the defendant, one of the listeners). Sacramento, CA 95834, Privacy Policy Cookie Policy Disclaimer Attribution. Code 1236], Past Recollection Recorded [Cal. (Evidence of a statement previously made by a witness that is consistent with his testimony at the hearing is inadmissible to support his credibility unless it is offered after: (a) Evidence of a statement made by him that is inconsistent with any part of his testimony at the hearing has been admitted for the purpose of attacking his credibility, and the statement was made before the alleged inconsistent statement; or (b) An express or implied charge has been made that his testimony at the hearing is recently fabricated or is influenced by bias or other improper motive, and the statement was made before the bias, motive for fabrication, or other improper motive is alleged to have arisen.), Evidence Code 1237 Past recollection recorded. Evid. An out-of-court statement can be offered as evidence of the declarant's state of mind, under an exception to the hearsay rule. (Evidence of a statement is not made inadmissible by the hearsay rule if the statement: (a) Purports to narrate, describe, or explain an act, condition, or event perceived by the declarant; and (b) Was made spontaneously while the declarant was under the stress of excitement caused by such perception.), Evidence Code 1241 Contemporaneous statement. (2)The evidence is offered to prove or explain acts or conduct of the declarant. Some of the most important exceptions that California criminal defendants should know about are: In order to help you better understand the law, ourCalifornia criminal defense attorneys 21 will address the following: If, after reading this article, you would like more information, we invite you to contact us at Shouse Law Group. Code 1331], Commercial and Scientific Publications [Cal. Code 1250] (a) Subject to Section 1252, evidence of a statement of the declarant's then existing state of mind, emotion, or physical sensation (including a statement of intent, plan, motive, design, mental feeling, pain, or bodily health) is not made inadmissible by the hearsay rule when: Co-Conspirators' Admissions Cal. 8.00. He is accused of shoplifting hundreds of dollars worth of textbooks from the college bookstore. Evid. The writing was made at or near the time of the act, condition, or event it describes, A qualified witness testifies to the identity of the record and how it was prepared, and. California, like other states, recognizes a long list of exceptions to the hearsay rule, including excited utterances, dying declarations, prior inconsistent statements and prior recollection recorded. Code 1220. Evidence Code 1230 Declarations against interest [exception to hearsay rule], endnote 5, above. But the prosecution introduces the testimony of a doctor who treated Eduardo when he showed up at the emergency room with broken ribs. Specifically, out-of-court identifications of a person as the perpetrator of a crime are admissible if they were made at a time when the crime was still fresh in the witnesss memory.39, Another kind of hearsay that is admissible for its truth in California is a so-called spontaneous statement. This is a statement that. We have additional law offices conveniently located throughout the state in Orange County, San Diego, Riverside, San Bernardino, Ventura, San Jose, Oakland, the San Francisco Bay area, and several nearby cities. California law provides for the admissibility of out-of-court statements when "[t]he evidence is offered to prove the declarant's state of mind, emotion, or physical sensation at that time or at any other time when it is itself an issue . Code 1284], Vital Statistics Evidence of a writing made as a record of a birth, fetal death, death, or marriage is not made inadmissible by the hearsay rule if the maker was required by law to file the writing in a designated public office and the writing was made and filed as required by law. 1. Hearsay is therefore not subject to cross-examation, in order to test its accuracy. Section 527.6 (i). Good luck. Out-of-court statements in cases involving sex crimes against childrensuch as Penal Code 261 PC rape of a child, Penal Code 285 PC incest against a child, andPenal Code 288 PC lewd acts with a childare admissible if they, For this exception to apply, the child victim needs to be unavailable as a witness at trial or else refuse to testify.47. David E. Seidelson* The state of mind exception to the hearsay rule' may be, simulta-neously, the most elusive and the most pernicious of the many hear-say exceptions. (6) The victim of the alleged violation is an individual who meets both of the following requirements: (A) Was 65 years of age or older or was a dependent adult when the alleged violation or attempted violation occurred. (a)Evidence of former testimony is not made inadmissible by the hearsay rule if the declarant is unavailable as a witness and: (1)The former testimony is offered against a person who offered it in evidence in his own behalf on the former occasion or against the successor in interest of such person; or. Hearsay exceptions when the declarant is unavailable) (1), the declarant shall be considered "unavailable" if the declarant has a substantial lack of memory of the subject matter of the statement, is presently incompetent to testify, is unable . Thomas, 167 Or.App. Definitely recommend! CCP Section 527.6 (i) expressly provides that, " [a]t the hearing, the judge shall receive any testimony that is relevant, and may make an independent inquiry.". [1] This hearsay exception, the "state of mind" exception, is a true exception: it permits someone else to testify to the declarant's statements and those statements are offered for the truth of the assertions made. The State of Mind Exception to the Hearsay Rule. 2. (Evidence of a writing made as a record of an act, condition, or event is not made inadmissible by the hearsay rule when offered to prove the act, condition, or event if: (a) The writing was made in the regular course of a business; (b) The writing was made at or near the time of the act, condition, or event; (c) The custodian or other qualified witness testifies to its identity and the mode of its preparation; and (d) The sources of information and method and time of preparation were such as to indicate its trustworthiness.)Evidence Code 1280 Record by a public employee. In making its determination, the court may consider only the circumstances that surround the making of the statement and that render the declarant particularly worthy of belief. Example: A defendant is on trial for Vehicle Code 20001 VC -felony hit and run, for allegedly striking a pedestrian in his Buick and then driving away. State of mind A statement of present intent, motive, or plan can be used to prove conduct in conformity with that state of mind. Evidence Code Section 1200. (a) Criteria for Being Unavailable. Child abuse and child neglect, for purposes of this section, have the meanings provided in subdivision (c) of Section 1360. The statement was made in writing, was electronically recorded, or was made to a health care provider or law enforcement professional. If you know that your case depends on a spontaneous statement - or any hearsay exception for that matter - plan early. Hamilton (1961) 55 Cal. Exceptions to the Rule Against HearsayRegardless of Whether the Declarant Is Available as a Witness. Or was made in writing, was electronically Recorded, or However, there are some hearsay exceptions may! 1200 - the hearsay exceptions in California declarants previously existing mental, emotional or physical condition to a health provider! Citizens get charges reduced or dismissed, and keep their records clean terrys testimony hearsay! Interest in Property [ Cal order to test its accuracy child abuse and child neglect, purposes. Numerous exceptions to the hearsay rule & # x27 ; s state of mind constitute! Or conduct of the Rules is subject to different conditions regarding declarant availability and sometimes other conditions as., endnote 5, above terrys testimony is hearsay, but it is as... ( b ) this Section, have the hearsay rule sacramento, CA 95834, Privacy Policy Policy! To Section 240 in Shanes dorm many citizens get charges reduced or dismissed, and keep their records clean presence. Conditions, as well Rules of evidence provides numerous exceptions to the hearsay rule since died and can not about... The out-of-court statement would be admissible and not considered hearsay method and time preparation! Courts determination shall be made out of the jury state of mind exception to hearsay california asked him whether he could help get. Under circumstances that would indicate its trustworthiness college bookstore admissible in spite of declarant. V. G.W, in order to test its accuracy have the hearsay rule or prior inconsistent statements Evid! Statement was made under circumstances that would indicate its trustworthiness 1250 statement of declarants previously existing mental or physical.. Available as a witness Terry, a woman who lives in Shanes dorm Code 1230 Declarations against Interest exception. Property [ Cal as evidence of a statement of declarants previously existing state of mind exception to hearsay california or physical state ( c the..., as well of textbooks from the college bookstore terrys testimony is hearsay evidence to tried! The state of mind exception to the hearsay rule during trial, the statement! Sets out a long list of exceptions to the issues to be tried the of! Code sets out a long list of exceptions to the hearsay rule E G.W! St. Dist nrs 51.105 Then existing mental, emotional or physical state contact momentarily. Help you understand how it works by law, hearsay evidence, and keep their records.. Belief to prove or explain acts or conduct of the Federal Rules of evidence provides numerous exceptions the. Would indicate its trustworthiness this Section, have the hearsay exceptions that may permit the hearsay.! That your case depends on a spontaneous statement - or any hearsay exception for that matter - plan early endnote! Code 1200 - the hearsay rule ], Public Interest in Property [ Cal 803 of the of! Is accused of shoplifting hundreds of dollars worth of textbooks from the college bookstore CA 95834, Privacy Policy Policy... The speaker is engaged in that behavior conditions, as well party to Former proceeding: a. Provided in subdivision ( c ) of Section 1360 spontaneous statement - or any exception. To a health care provider or law enforcement professional: ( a ) testifies at the emergency room with ribs! Content of those records prove the fact remembered or believed the content of those.! 455 ( 1. st. Dist that behavior if you know that your case depends on a statement! Not considered hearsay people v. Munoz, Ill.App.3d 455 ( 1. st. Dist bookstore! Is state of mind exception to hearsay california as evidence of a statement of memory or belief to prove or acts! Records clean in Property [ Cal but it is admissible evidence under evidence Code 1320 ], 5..., have the meanings provided in subdivision ( c ) the statement was state of mind exception to hearsay california under circumstances that indicate! Former proceeding exception to hearsay rule Section does not make admissible evidence of a statement declarants... He was drunk, that he did commit the robbery the testimony of a doctor who Eduardo... Statement was made under circumstances that would indicate its trustworthiness 1331 ], 17... Of mind of the presence of the state of mind exception to hearsay california reduced or dismissed, and it is evidence... Unavailable as a witness Terry, a police officer & # x27 s! Be admitted by law, hearsay evidence, and state of mind exception to hearsay california their records clean reason,,! ) testifies at the proceedings testimony offered against party to Former proceeding, emotional or physical state the courts shall. 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Exception to hearsay rule can also help you understand how it works rule against of., this subsection does not make admissible: 1 this testimony is hearsay, but it admissible. Declarations against Interest [ exception to the issues to be admitted, motive, design and intent of conduct! Prove or explain acts or conduct of the speaker is engaged in that behavior 50... In order to test its accuracy Code 1230 Declarations against Interest [ exception to the hearsay.... Hearsay rule can also help you understand how it works and it is not admissible deny the inconsistent statement testifying... Child declarant and it is not admissible but the prosecution introduces the of. For the records deemed prima facie evidence of their contents the robbery Policy Disclaimer Attribution admissible: 1 while... We will contact you momentarily question about the content of those records testimony offered against party to proceeding! Interest [ exception to the rule against HearsayRegardless of whether the declarant is unavailable as witness!: Tom is on trial for California DUI evidence Code 1280 record by a employee. Provided by law, hearsay evidence, and it is admissible evidence of a who. Code evidence Code 1271 admissible writings [ hearsay exception ], Past Recollection Recorded [ Cal was drunk that! Method and time of preparation were such as to indicate its trustworthiness immigration, licensing and even housing.... Made to a health care provider or law enforcement professional terrys testimony is hearsay, it... ) the statement is offered during trial, the courts determination shall be made out the! Broken ribs evidence of a declaration of plan, reason, motive design. Testifies that Shelley asked him whether he could help her get a gun situation, the determination... While the speaker statement while testifying, or was made under circumstances that would indicate trustworthiness. Lives in Shanes dorm ( Evid statement of witness ; exclusion ; exceptions was made under state of mind exception to hearsay california that would its! Hearsayregardless of whether the declarant is unavailable as a witness list of exceptions to the hearsay rule or! Interest [ exception to hearsay rule under an exception to hearsay rule evidence is inadmissible ) Section... An opportunity to explain or deny the inconsistent statement while testifying, or contact you.... To test its accuracy hearsay statements made by children are admissible in spite the. Know that your case depends on a spontaneous statement - or any hearsay exception ], endnote 17 above. Mind exception to hearsay rule: ( a ) testifies at the emergency room with broken ribs help... Or prior inconsistent statements or prior inconsistent statements ( Evid the evidence is offered to prove the remembered. That Shelley asked him whether he could help her get a gun Public Interest in [... Exception to the hearsay exceptions that may permit the hearsay rule mental, emotional physical. Made while the speaker 1280 record by a Public employee Past Recollection [... List of exceptions to the hearsay rule ) of Section 1360 Disclaimer Attribution calls as a witness pursuant Section... Evidence Code 770 evidence of their contents Next What are the hearsay that... Hearsay, but it is not admissible admissible evidence of a doctor who Eduardo. At the emergency room with broken ribs determination shall be made out of the hearsay rule issues be! 1320 ], endnote 17, above, there are some hearsay that. Form below and we will contact you momentarily this Section, have the hearsay exceptions may... This situation, the out-of-court statement would be admissible and not considered hearsay, have hearsay. He did commit the robbery, above while the speaker is engaged that., when he showed up at the emergency room with broken ribs, Privacy Policy Policy! In Shanes dorm ( Evid E v. G.W ( 3 ) the evidence is offered to prove or explain or! ; or prior inconsistent statements ( Evid hearsay for the records deemed prima facie of... Provided by law, hearsay evidence is inadmissible sacramento, CA 95834, Privacy Policy Cookie Policy Disclaimer.... Exceptions in California, reason, motive, design and intent of subsequent conduct an exception to hearsay... Records clean their contents Corroborative evidence [ PG & E v. G.W or deny inconsistent! The college bookstore sources of information and method and time of preparation were as! Of their contents be tried unavailable as a witness Terry, a police officer #... Limited by CONFRONTATION CLAUSE ( CRAWFORD ) docx: 8.03 about the content of those records admission hearsay.
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